Deck 11: C: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

As insulin levels _______,glucose levels ________.

A)increase;decrease
B)decrease;increase
C)increase;increase
D)decrease;decrease

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Hunger and thirst are examples of

A)rewards.
B)punishments.
C)incentives.
D)drives.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called

A)stability.
B)drive reduction.
C)homeostasis.
D)allostasis.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Luisa is working out at a gym and her body temperature begins to rise.To cool itself down,her body begins to sweat.After showering however,her body temperature drops below ideal,so her body begins to shiver to warm itself up.This example illustrates the concept of

A)allostasis.
B)homeostasis.
C)satiation.
D)motivation.

Question 5

The goal of motivated behaviour is often to _____________ a drive.

A)reduce
B)maximize
C)maintain
D)reinforce

Question 6

Dr.Pourhamzeh lesions an area of the brain in a rat.He notices that after the procedure the rat eats almost continuously.It is likely that Dr.Pourhamzeh has lesioned the

A)basal ganglia.
B)insula.
C)lateral hypothalamus.
D)ventromedial hypothalamus.

Question 7

The psychology of motivation can be best summarized as the study of

A)cause-and-effect decision-making.
B)the processes underlying goal-directed behaviour.
C)the effect of psychological stress on behaviour.
D)the effect of rewards and punishments on behaviour.

Question 8

A(n)_________ is a biological trigger that helps us to seek out the necessities for survival.

A)incentive
B)impulse
C)drive
D)consequence

Question 9

Jake is nervous about his upcoming curling match.Despite having just eaten a large meal,his stomach starts to growl.What hormone is likely responsible for Jake's current feeling of hunger?

A)insulin
B)ghrelin
C)glucose
D)CCK

Question 10

_______ is a hormone that is released in response to stress,but is also responsible for stomach contractions and appetite.

A)CCK
B)Glucose
C)Ghrelin
D)Insulin

Question 11

Phyllis feels hungry even after she has eaten large meals and has been gaining weight.A doctor diagnoses her with a neurological disorder that affects a specific structure in the brain.Which brain region has likely been affected?

A)thalamus
B)basal ganglia
C)hypothalamus
D)insula

Question 12

Insulin is responsible for

A)converting fat stores into energy.
B)stimulating stomach contractions and appetite.
C)detecting blood sugar levels.
D)helping cells store circulating glucose.

Question 13

Motivation that is influenced by stress,in addition to current needs,is known as

A)allostasis.
B)homeostasis.
C)an incentive.
D)a drive.

Question 14

When specialized cells detect __________ levels of ____________,they trigger an increase in hunger.

A)high;insulin
B)high;glucose
C)low;insulin
D)low;glucose

Question 15

One factor in hunger seems to be the increase in __________,which causes blood sugar levels to eventually drop several hours after we eat.

A)cholesterol
B)lipoproteins
C)insulin
D)glucose

Question 16

Glucostats are

A)neurons that can detect glucose levels.
B)weight-loss drugs that block the absorption of glucose.
C)hormones that help cells store glucose for future use.
D)a category of sugars used by the brain and body for energy.

Question 17

The chief function of homeostasis is to

A)prepare for future events.
B)maintain a steady state.
C)regulate emotions.
D)control sexual urges.

Question 18

The lateral hypothalamus is likely involved with

A)the feeling of satiation.
B)the onset of eating.
C)increasing glucose levels.
D)the reward pathway.

Question 19

The _______ likely serves as the "on" switch for eating behaviour,while the ______ likely serves as the "off" switch.

A)ventromedial hypothalamus;lateral hypothalamus
B)lateral hypothalamus;ventromedial hypothalamus
C)ventromedial hypothalamus;paraventricular nucleus
D)paraventricular nucleus;lateral hypothalamus

Question 20

Motivation is best described as

A)the physiological triggers that tell us we may be deprived of something and cause us to seek out what is needed,such as food.
B)the body's physiological processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to the outer environment.
C)the stimuli we seek to reduce the drives such as social approval and companionship,food,water,and other needs.
D)the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviours that direct organisms toward specific goals.

Question 21

Saying "I'm full"at the end of a meal is a common way to let others know that you have reached the point of

A)homeostasis.
B)satiation.
C)allostasis.
D)unit bias.

Question 22

The hormone ______ signals feelings of fullness,while the hormone _______ signals hunger.

A)CCK;ghrelin
B)ghrelin;CCK
C)insulin;glucose
D)glucose;insulin

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of the unit bias?

A)Buying a second bottle of soda because the store has a "buy one,get one free"sale.
B)Adding more sugar to a cup of coffee because the sweet taste is more rewarding.
C)Eating less than normal because you are worried about others judging you.
D)Eating more chips in one sitting from a family-sized bag than a regular-sized bag.

Question 24

Freya goes to the cafeteria with her coworkers.She is not hungry,but eats because everyone else in the group is eating.This is an example of

A)social facilitation.
B)modelling.
C)impression management.
D)the unit bias.

Question 25

Research has shown that ________ exposure to media is related to _______ satisfaction with one's body.

A)increased;increased
B)increased;decreased.
C)decreased;decreased
D)moderate;moderate

Question 26

Rested is to tired,as satiation is to

A)stressed.
B)hungry.
C)aroused.
D)full.

Question 27

Petra is on a date.She really likes her food,but stops herself after eating only one-third because she doesn't want her date to think she is a glutton.Petra's behaviour is an example of

A)social facilitation.
B)modelling.
C)impression management.
D)the unit bias.

Question 28

Nila's younger brother does not like the meatloaf their mother made for dinner.When Nila is not looking,her brother secretly scoops some of his meatloaf onto her plate so that,although Nila is eating meatloaf,the amount on her plate remains about the same.Which of the following is most likely to happen?

A)Nila will eat her normal amount and then stop when she feels full.
B)Nila will eat less than she normally would.
C)Nila will eat more than she normally would.
D)Nila will develop an aversion for meatloaf.

Question 29

Samantha is currently in therapy for treatment of an eating disorder.She is dangerously thin but perceives herself as overweight.To control her weight she starves herself.Samantha likely has

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)minimal eating norm.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)binge-eating disorder.

Question 30

Angus is visiting his grandmother for Thanksgiving.After finishing his plate,he's feeling very full but his grandmother encourages him to have seconds,so he does.This is an example of

A)social facilitation.
B)modelling.
C)impression management.
D)the unit bias.

Question 31

Clover is trying to eat healthier,but when she visits her local coffee shop that displays all their homemade foods in a big glass case,Clover finds herself ordering a chocolate-filled pastry instead of the spinach and egg-white wrap.The concept of _________ likely explains Clover's food selection.

A)social facilitation
B)trigger foods
C)modelling
D)unit bias

Question 32

Zulma is currently in therapy for treatment of an eating disorder.Every day she eats a box of doughnuts and an entire bag of chips and then makes herself vomit.Zulma most likely has which of the following disorders?

A)binge-eating disorder
B)body-dysmorphic disorder
C)bulimia nervosa
D)anorexia nervosa

Question 33

In experiments where bowls of soup were secretly filled through a tube so that the soup never ran out,which of the following happened?

A)Participants felt full at the same time as control participants,but continued to eat anyway.
B)Participants ate significantly more than control participants,but did not feel more satiated.
C)Participants felt full at the same time as control participants and stopped eating.
D)Participants ate significantly less than control participants,but felt equally satiated.

Question 34

Eating disorders and body-image distortions among boys and men often take a different form than is typically seen with women.For example,they are more likely to

A)starve themselves and exercise compulsively to be more muscular.
B)binge on foods high in fat and starches.
C)use inactivity to try to reduce the size of their bodies.
D)eat normally,but also purge.

Question 35

What do sugar and addictive drugs have in common?

A)They create states of euphoria in high doses.
B)They stimulate activity in the hypothalamus.
C)They inhibit self-control by inhibiting the cingulate gyrus.
D)They stimulate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.

Question 36

________ is an eating disorder characterized by episodes of excessive eating followed by forced vomiting or the use of laxatives.

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Obesity
C)Bulimia nervosa
D)Body-dysmorphic disorder

Question 37

For years,Jenna ate one granola bar for breakfast.Then the company changed their packaging so that the granola bars were wrapped in sets of two.Ever since this change occurred,Jenna has had two bars for breakfast.This is an example of

A)social facilitation.
B)trigger food.
C)impression management.
D)the unit bias.

Question 38

The orbitofrontal cortex is involved in

A)signalling the feeling of satiation.
B)linking food taste and texture with pleasure and reward.
C)the release of ghrelin in response to stressful stimuli.
D)the release of CCK in response to the filling of the stomach.

Question 39

Another term for a person's sex drive or desire for sexual activity is his or her

A)sexual preference.
B)sexual response cycle.
C)sexual orientation.
D)libido.

Question 40

_______________ is an eating disorder characterized by a fear of being fat,a distorted body image,radically reduced consumption of food,and emaciation.

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Binge-eating disorder
C)Bulimia
D)Minimal eating norm

Question 41

Rashid has just had an orgasm.However,his partner is still excited and wants Rashid to continue his sexual activity.Unfortunately,Rashid has lost his erection.Rashid is probably experiencing

A)the refractory period.
B)the resting phase.
C)erectile dysfunction.
D)the plateau phase.

Question 42

Masters and Johnson reported that women,unlike men,

A)can only achieve 1 orgasm in a 12-hour period.
B)do not have a refractory period.
C)need more stimulation to achieve an orgasm with oral sex.
D)have a longer refractory period than men.

Question 43

Over time,there have been many changes in ________,the set of 'rules' surrounding the sexual behaviours of males and females.

A)gender identities
B)sexual orientation
C)gendered behaviour
D)sexual scripts

Question 44

Which of the following is the best definition of sexual orientation?

A)It is a person's sex as determined by his or her genotype.
B)It is a categorization based on the gender of a person's sexual partners.
C)It is a consistent preference for sexual relations with members of the same sex,opposite sex,or both.
D)It is a categorization based on whether a person's behaviour matches their biological sex or not.

Question 45

The second phase of the sexual response cycle is

A)excitement.
B)plateau.
C)orgasm.
D)resolution.

Question 46

The societal expectations for the behaviour of an individual of a specific gender,are known as

A)gender roles.
B)sexual scripts.
C)sexual expectations.
D)gender identities.

Question 47

The___________ cycle describes the phases of physiological change during sexual activity.

A)resolution
B)sexual orientation
C)psychosexual
D)sexual response

Question 48

Kinsey believed that

A)sexual orientation was an either/or situation.
B)sexual orientation was on a continuum.
C)sexual orientation was too sensitive to be studied.
D)premarital sex was fundamentally destructive to society.

Question 49

The term _________ refers to individuals who experience a mismatch between their biological sex and the gender with which they identify;while ________ refers to a subset of individuals who wish to undergo physical alterations to align their biological sex to their gender.

A)transsexual;transgender
B)transgender;bisexual
C)transgender;transsexual
D)bisexual;transsexual

Question 50

The first systematic surveys of sexual behaviour were conducted by

A)Masters and Johnson.
B)Meston and Buss.
C)Kinsey.
D)Freud.

Question 51

Blood levels of the hormone oxytocin surge in both men and women just after which phase of the sexual response cycle?

A)excitement
B)plateau
C)orgasm
D)resolution

Question 52

Which statement is consistent with Masters and Johnson's findings?

A)Women respond more slowly but cannot stay aroused as long as men.
B)Some women can have multiple orgasms.
C)Women experience a refractory period prior to orgasm.
D)Men and women differ very little in their sexual response profiles.

Question 53

Ingrid and Arthur have just initiated sexual intercourse,which statement below best describes where each of them would likely fall in the sexual response cycle?

A)Both Ingrid and Arthur are likely in the excitement phase.
B)Ingrid is likely in the plateau phase while Arthur is likely in the excitement phase.
C)Both Ingrid and Arthur are likely in the refractory period.
D)Arthur is likely in the resolution phase while Ingrid is likely in the plateau phase.

Question 54

Masters and Johnson's original subjects in the study of human sexual response were

A)prostitutes.
B)actors in pornographic movies.
C)prisoners in the local jails.
D)undergraduate U.S.college students.

Question 55

The final phase of the sexual response cycle is

A)excitement.
B)plateau.
C)orgasm.
D)resolution.

Question 56

Research supports the theory that homosexuality

A)is a personal choice and not determined by genetic factors.
B)is the result of an absent father.
C)is determined by genetics.
D)is complex and not yet fully understood.

Question 57

Research by LeVay suggested that an area of the _____________ is on average smaller in brains of gay males than heterosexual males.

A)hippocampus
B)thalamus
C)amygdala
D)hypothalamus

Question 58

Masters and Johnson famously observed volunteers ________ while specialized equipment monitored their physiological responses.

A)masturbating
B)thinking about sexual intercourse
C)watching pornographic video clips
D)performing oral sex

Question 59

Twin research suggests into the basis of homosexuality suggests that

A)there appears to be no genetic influence on sexual orientation for males or females.
B)genetics can account for approximately half of the determination of sexual orientation.
C)sexual orientation is almost entirely determined by genetics.
D)genes appear to determine sexual orientation in females,but not in males.

Question 60

The first phase of the sexual response cycle is

A)excitement.
B)plateau.
C)orgasm.
D)resolution.

Question 61

Koa has felt isolated and like an "outsider"since coming to university in his first year.As a result,he decided to join a student society on campus.According to Maslow,Koa is likely attempting to meet the _________ need.

A)aesthetic
B)belonging
C)cognitive
D)physiological

Question 62

When viewing images of a significant other,researchers found participants had increased activation in the ________ compared to viewing images of other familiar faces.

A)prefrontal cortex
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)caudate nucleus

Question 63

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy,which needs must be met first?

A)esteem
B)safety
C)physiological
D)belongingness and love

Question 64

Angus and Petra have recently started a new relationship.When Angus isn't around,Petra finds herself longing for Angus.According to Berscheid and Walter,what type of love is Petra likely experiencing?

A)companionate love
B)desirable love
C)passionate love
D)biological love

Question 65

According to your textbook,______________ is a risk factor for illnesses such as heart disease and cancer,and elevates a person's risk for having hypertension,a weaker immune system,and high levels of stress hormones.

A)divorce
B)loneliness
C)low self-esteem
D)only having 1-2 close friends

Question 66

Lixing has always enjoyed playing piano.In fact,Lixing practices for many hours every day and wants to master his skills.In this example,Lixing's behaviours are being driven by ___________ motivation.

A)masochistic
B)extrinsic
C)intrinsic
D)performance

Question 67

Lamar knows he is a good basketball player and is confident that if given the chance,he will be able to carry his team to victory in the finals.Lamar likely has a high level of

A)autonomy.
B)mastery motivation.
C)self-efficacy.
D)conceit .

Question 68

A key element to satisfying the need to belong is

A)a sense of permanence to our relationships.
B)having a positive relationship with many people.
C)making new friends on a regular basis.
D)a sense that we are the most well liked person in a group.

Question 69

_________ refers to an individual's confidence that they have the ability to solve a problem or face a challenge.

A)Autonomy
B)Confidence-calibration
C)Self-awareness
D)Self-efficacy

Question 70

_______________ goals are positive experiences that you seek directly.

A)Approach
B)Performance
C)Self-efficacy
D)Self-determination

Question 71

Which of the following shows a focus on the lowest of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)Joan wants to live in a house with all the modern conveniences so that she may have more time to seek fulfillment from her career and family.
B)Frank feels that he is a good salesman because he likes what he does and knows how to do it well.
C)Barbara knows that as a teacher she is a good person because she realizes the importance of imparting knowledge to society.
D)Mark works hard so he can afford to move out of his crime-ridden neighborhood.

Question 72

_______________motivation is the drive to perform at high levels and to accomplish significant goals.

A)Reward
B)Performance
C)Achievement
D)Approach

Question 73

The ___________ theory suggests that humans' desire to belong is driven by their fear of death.

A)fleeting mortality
B)terror management
C)fear of the unknown
D)finite lifespan

Question 74

Research into the use of sexual imagery to sell a product has found that

A)using exceedingly skinny models tends to increase sales.
B)blatant use of highly attractive models tends to lower evaluations of a product.
C)using sex to sell a product helps people to remember the brand being advertised.
D)regardless of the context,nudity in an advertisement tends to increase sales.

Question 75

_______________ goals involve the effort to avoid unpleasant experiences.

A)Avoidance
B)Performance
C)Mastery
D)Approach

Question 76

Matt is learning to play the guitar because he thinks girls will be more likely to go out with him if he plays in a band.This is an example of _______________ motivation and an __________________ goal.

A)performance;avoidance.
B)performance;approach
C)mastery;approach
D)mastery;avoidance

Question 77

Maxime is trying out for Team Canada in hockey.He thinks that if he doesn't make the team his family and friends will be disappointed and he'll be embarrassed that he 'wasn't good enough.' In this instance,Maxime wanting to make the team is an example of a(n)_______ goal.

A)approach
B)avoidance
C)mastery
D)self-determination

Question 78

Saskia and Mika have been in a relationship for 15 years.They share many of the same friends and have grown and changed together over time.According to Berscheid and Walter,Saskia and Mika likely share which type of love?

A)companionate love
B)desirable love
C)passionate love
D)committed love

Question 79

____________motives are geared toward gaining rewards or public recognition.

A)Mastery
B)Performance
C)Egocentric
D)Approach

Question 80

The __________ theory suggests that an individual's well-being is directly tied to the control they have over their own behaviours.

A)mastery motivation
B)performance motivation
C)self-efficacy
D)self-determination