Question 1

The process of observational learning would explain how 3-year-old Ryan knows how to lather up his own face after watching his dad shave earlier that day.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning involves learning by watching and imitating others. In this case, Ryan watched his dad shave and learned how to lather up his own face, which is an example of observational learning.

Question 2

Like other forms of classical conditioning,conditioned taste aversion requires multiple pairings of stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned taste aversion can occur with just one pairing of a novel taste with illness, making it a unique form of classical conditioning.

Question 3

Having a gold star placed on one's spelling quiz would be a secondary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A gold star is not inherently rewarding, but it is associated with praise and recognition, which can make it a secondary reinforcer.

Question 4

Extinction is the result of forgetting a previously learned association.

Accepted Answer

Extinction in psychology refers to the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. It does not involve forgetting but rather the process of learning that the association no longer holds.

Question 5

Operant conditioning occurs when a stimulus similar to one that has already been conditioned elicits the same conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behavior (rewards and punishments), whereas the description given refers to stimulus generalization in classical conditioning.

Question 6

Classical conditioning involves reflexive behaviours whereas operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is based on learning associations between stimuli and reflexive responses, while operant conditioning is based on learning associations between behaviors and their consequences.

Question 7

In order for latent learning to occur,there must be reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without any apparent reinforcement or incentive to learn. It becomes apparent when there is a motivation or reinforcement to utilize the previously learned information.

Question 8

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Accepted Answer

An unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior training or conditioning.

Question 9

To encourage Gwyneth to clean her room more often,her mother tells her that for each day her room remains dirty,she will lose a day of television privileges.This is an example of positive punishment.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of negative punishment because it involves removing a desirable stimulus (television privileges) to decrease the likelihood of an unwanted behavior (not cleaning the room).

Question 10

An example of discrimination would be developing a conditioned taste aversion to spearmint gum and then noticing that you had also developed a taste aversion to peppermint gum.

Accepted Answer

Developing a conditioned taste aversion to spearmint gum and then noticing a similar aversion to peppermint gum is an example of stimulus generalization in learning, not discrimination. Discrimination involves the ability to distinguish between different stimuli, not generalize across similar ones.

Deck 6: A: Learning