Deck 4: B: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

How do researchers in perception explain "backward messaging"?

A)through top-down processing
B)through activation of neuronal patterns specific to an object
C)through the process of transduction
D)through the raw sensory data

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_______ theory was developed to isolate separate measures of sensory sensitivity and decision criteria used.

A)Method of limits
B)Method adjustment
C)Signal-detection
D)Method of constant stimuli

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what __________ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Answer 3

B

Question 4

David is attempting to assemble a jigsaw puzzle without ever having seen the picture on the box.Which type of information processing is David most likely utilizing?

A)bottom-up processing
B)top-down processing
C)cross-modal processing
D)parallel processing

Question 5

Perceptions differ from sensations in that

A)perceptions depend as much on prior experience as they do on neural cues travelling between receptors and the brain.
B)perceptions are purely psychological,whereas sensations are purely neural.
C)each sensation is actually a large set of perceptions.
D)sensations depend mostly on learning,whereas perceptions are innate processes.

Question 6

Experiencing MEANINGFUL patterns in the jumble of sensory information received by the brain is

A)sensation.
B)perception.
C)adaptation.
D)transduction.

Question 7

Sensory adaptation is the process in which

A)receptor cells become linked to one another.
B)receptor sensitivity changes depending upon the intensity of the stimulus.
C)visual acuity improves as one centres an object's light on the fovea.
D)nonspectral colours can be seen.

Question 8

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's

A)auditory convergence.
B)refractory threshold.
C)absolute threshold.
D)difference threshold.

Question 9

Perceiving incomplete objects as complete defines

A)figure-ground.
B)similarity.
C)proximity.
D)closure.

Question 10

The range of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see is called the

A)visible spectrum.
B)acuity range.
C)visual field.
D)visual angle.

Question 11

Carrie misread the number 13 as the letter B because she was expecting to see a letter rather than a number.Which term best characterizes this phenomenon?

A)perceptual constancy
B)selective attention
C)feature binding
D)perceptual set

Question 12

The process whereby we receive information from the environment through our receptors is

A)encoding.
B)perception.
C)sensation.
D)transduction.

Question 13

The relation between the amount of physical energy in a stimulus and the sensory experience of that stimulus is studied by

A)encoding psychology.
B)psychophysics.
C)sensory physiology.
D)transduction psychology.

Question 14

Sensation is

A)the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns.
B)the stimulation of the senses.
C)the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation.
D)the result of activity in the efferent nervous system.

Question 15

The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the

A)separation threshold.
B)difference threshold.
C)response threshold.
D)absolute threshold.

Question 16

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)lens
D)retina

Question 17

The pupil is the

A)opening in the centre of the iris.
B)coloured part of the eye.
C)white of the eye.
D)lining in the back of the eyeball.

Question 18

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensations at all in a person is the

A)absolute threshold.
B)difference threshold.
C)minimum threshold.
D)noticeable threshold.

Question 19

Gestalt theorists propose that much of what we see is divided into

A)proximal and distal.
B)figure and ground.
C)standard and deviant.
D)chromatic and monocular.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Only the difference threshold varies from person to person.
B)Only the absolute threshold is constant for all people.
C)Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times.
D)Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time.

Question 21

Size constancy explains why

A)objects are perceived as having constant dimensions regardless of distance.
B)perception of size is inversely related to distance.
C)closer objects are perceived as smaller than far-away objects.
D)distance affects perceived size.

Question 22

If perceptual information aiding in depth perception must be drawn simultaneously from both eyes,it is referred to as

A)a monocular cue.
B)a binocular cue.
C)contralateral input.
D)a duoretinal image.

Question 23

The depressed spot in the retina that occupies the centre of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the

A)fovea.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)optic nerve.

Question 24

The Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision assumes that

A)colour receptors exist in opposing pairs.
B)colour perception is determined by differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
C)there are three different types of cones.
D)all of the above are true.

Question 25

You are seated opposite a friend at a small table.Your friend is drinking coffee.As she lifts the cup off the saucer and raises it to her mouth,the image made on your retina by the bottom of the cup actually changes shape,but you still "see" it as round due to

A)good continuation.
B)movement parallax.
C)perceptual constancy.
D)proximity.

Question 26

In which scenario would the pupils most likely constrict?

A)Danilla rubs belladonna juice on her eyes and goes to see her lover.
B)Sally is working hard to solve some chemistry equations for a class she is taking.
C)Janelle is just walking outside from an afternoon movie she went to see.
D)Tanya is in a dimly lit bar and is very attracted to the person that is sitting next to her.

Question 27

The aspect of colour that corresponds to names such as red,green,and blue is

A)brightness.
B)hue.
C)saturation.
D)fine detail.

Question 28

Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it,you know a tree is the same size because of

A)the figure-ground distinction.
B)the phi phenomenon.
C)perceptual constancy.
D)retinal disparity.

Question 29

Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colours?

A)ganglia
B)bipolar
C)rods
D)cones

Question 30

People with normal vision will perceive a pyramid whether they see the object from the side,top,or any other angle as long as the object is,in fact,a pyramid.This is the law of

A)shape constancy.
B)size constancy.
C)figure-ground.
D)visual angle.

Question 31

Photo receptors that see best at night are the

A)foveas.
B)cones.
C)shafts.
D)rods.

Question 32

Light is focused on the retina by the

A)cornea.
B)pupil.
C)iris.
D)lens.

Question 33

The purity,richness,or vividness of a hue is known as its

A)brightness.
B)saturation.
C)additive mix.
D)depth.

Question 34

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on

A)night vision.
B)peripheral vision.
C)visual acuity.
D)sensory adaptation.

Question 35

The inner lining on the back of the eyeball that is sensitive to light is called the

A)fovea.
B)retina.
C)iris.
D)optic nerve.

Question 36

________ are receptors that are best for seeing details.

A)Cones
B)Rods
C)Bipolar cells
D)Ganglion cells

Question 37

When you stand to the side of a window frame,it casts a trapezoidal (nonrectangular)image on your retina.It still seems rectangular to you,though,because of

A)size constancy.
B)shape constancy.
C)figure-ground constancy.
D)the phi phenomenon.

Question 38

The opponent-process theory of colour vision contends that colour vision is a result of

A)lateral inhibition on the retina itself.
B)lateral inhibition in the visual cortex.
C)calculation of differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
D)competition between three types of rods and three types of cones.

Question 39

Rods and cones are found in the

A)retina.
B)iris.
C)optic nerve.
D)cornea.

Question 40

The shape of the lens adjusts in order to

A)protect the eye from too much light.
B)let in more light when it is dark.
C)focus on different objects at different distances.
D)allow time for the eye to adjust to bright light.

Question 41

An object's elevation is a perspective cue to

A)distance.
B)shape.
C)shadowing.
D)size.

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue?

A)far objects looking clear,and near ones looking blurry
B)when in motion,far away objects appearing to move more slowly than objects that are close
C)the double image of a finger held in front of one eye
D)the appearance of a small light making movements against a dark background

Question 43

The middle ear includes the

A)ear canal.
B)round window.
C)hammer.
D)basilar membrane.

Question 44

The monocular distance cue in which objects closer than the point of visual focus seem to move in the direction opposite to the viewer's moving head,and objects beyond the viewing point move in the same direction as the viewer's head,is

A)retinal disparity.
B)motion parallax.
C)subliminal motion.
D)motion differential.

Question 45

Hertz is a unit of measurement of

A)frequency.
B)amplitude.
C)loudness.
D)overtones.

Question 46

When you look out the window of a car that is traveling 100 km/h,close objects appear

A)to be moving faster than far ones.
B)to be moving slower than far ones.
C)to be moving at the same speed as far ones.
D)to be stationary and the far ones appear to be moving in the opposite direction as the car.

Question 47

As sounds become louder,their ______ increases.

A)frequency
B)pitch
C)amplitude
D)hertz

Question 48

The height of a sound wave represents its

A)pitch.
B)amplitude.
C)timbre.
D)overtones.

Question 49

Shadowing is a cue to

A)linear perspective.
B)width perception.
C)depth perception.
D)colour perception.

Question 50

Frequency determines

A)pitch.
B)amplitude.
C)timbre.
D)overtones.

Question 51

Hearing begins when sound waves bump against the

A)earlobe.
B)eardrum.
C)oval window.
D)round window.

Question 52

The hammer,anvil,and stirrup are the

A)three components of the eardrum.
B)three tiny bones in the middle ear.
C)membranes in the oval window.
D)three components of the basilar membrane cochlea.

Question 53

Decibels are used to measure

A)frequency.
B)amplitude.
C)loudness.
D)overtones.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a monocular cue?

A)clearness
B)linear perspective
C)retinal disparity
D)texture

Question 55

Single-eye vision is to _______ as double-eye vision is to _______.

A)kinetic;monocular
B)monocular;kinetic
C)monocular;binocular
D)binocular;monocular

Question 56

When you look out the window of a car that is travelling 100 km/h,objects at different locations appear to move in different directions and different speeds.This apparent motion is known as

A)the kinetic depth effect.
B)motion parallax.
C)movement illusion.
D)linear perspective.

Question 57

The distance cue in which objects at greater distances appear to be smoother is

A)linear perspective.
B)aerial perspective.
C)texture gradient.
D)motion parallax.

Question 58

A drawing of a gravel road depicts the tiny rocks as becoming smaller and less distinct as one looks "down the lane." This simulation of depth on a two-dimensional sheet of paper is an example of the _______ cue.

A)interposition
B)texture gradient
C)elevation
D)shadowing

Question 59

Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue?

A)far objects looking clear,and near ones looking blurry
B)the trees in a forest converging in the distance
C)the double image of a finger held in front of one eye
D)the appearance of a small light making movements against a dark background

Question 60

How blurry-looking an object appears and linear perspective are cues associated with _______ depth perception.

A)binocular disparity
B)kinesthetic
C)monocular
D)binocular

Question 61

The first location to receive smell information in the brain is the

A)olfactory bulb.
B)olfactory epithelium.
C)thalamus.
D)vomeronasal organ.

Question 62

The patch of nasal membrane tissue that houses receptor cells for smell is the

A)olfactory bulb.
B)Golgi tendon organ.
C)olfactory epithelium.
D)olfactory mucosa.

Question 63

The flexible membrane inside the cochlea is called the

A)round window.
B)eardrum.
C)oval window.
D)basilar membrane.

Question 64

The structures in the inner ear that are particularly sensitive to body rotation are the

A)vestibular sacs.
B)saccules.
C)semicircular canals.
D)papillae.

Question 65

Which of the following plays the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?

A)striate cortex
B)ganglion cells
C)basilar membranes
D)semicircular canals

Question 66

With her eyes closed,Sandra can accurately touch her mouth,nose,and chin with her index finger.Sandra's accuracy illustrates the importance of

A)accommodation.
B)kinesthesis.
C)sensory adaptation.
D)feature detectors.

Question 67

Which phenomenon is an example of multi-modal processing?

A)the perception of phosphenes
B)the McGurk effect
C)the moon illusion
D)the Ponzo illusion

Question 68

Which aspect of the sound wave is related to the pitch of a tone?

A)timbre
B)frequency
C)intensity
D)amplitude

Question 69

Taste buds are contained in the tongue's

A)papillae.
B)hair cells.
C)underside.
D)saccules.

Question 70

Flavour is

A)taste.
B)smell.
C)a combination of taste and smell.
D)a combination of touch and taste.