Question 1

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on a person's behaviour is part of which early approach to psychology?&#10;A)Structuralism&#10;B)Functionalism&#10;C)Psychoanalysis&#10;D)Behaviourism

Accepted Answer

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on behavior is a core principle of psychoanalysis, a theory and therapeutic approach to psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. Structuralism focuses on the structure of conscious experience, functionalism emphasizes the adaptive functions of behavior, and behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and their environmental causes.

Question 2

Dr.Fernwood is a research psychologist.The main focus of her research is the use of psychological knowledge to find ways to reduce bullying in schools.Dr.Fernwood's research could be described as _________ psychology.

A)basic
B)forensic
C)applied
D)industrial/organizational

C

Accepted Answer

Applied psychology focuses on using psychological principles and research to solve practical problems in real-world settings. Dr. Fernwood's research is focused on finding solutions to the problem of bullying in schools, making it a clear example of applied psychology. Choice A, basic psychology, involves exploring theoretical and fundamental aspects of human behavior and cognition, and does not necessarily aim to solve practical problems. Choice B, forensic psychology, involves the application of psychology to the legal system, and Choice D, industrial/organizational psychology, involves the application of psychology to improve work environments and productivity. Neither of these fields aligns with Dr. Fernwood's research focus on reducing bullying in schools.

Question 3

How did physiologists and physicists,like Gustav Fechner,contribute to the development of psychology as a science?&#10;A)They studied the relationship between the physical world and the mental representation of that world.&#10;B)They demonstrated that the brain was responsible for consciousness.&#10;C)They identified the physical properties and locations of specific functions within the brain.&#10;D)They extended Darwin's theory of evolution to behaviour and cognitive abilities.

Accepted Answer

Physiologists and physicists, like Gustav Fechner, contributed to the development of psychology by studying the relationship between the physical world and the mental representation of that world. They helped to establish the idea that the mind and body are connected and that mental processes are based on physical processes in the brain. This was a key step in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline.

Question 4

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?&#10;A)They wanted to identify the major brain structures.&#10;B)Their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind and its interaction with the physical world.&#10;C)They focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system.&#10;D)Their primary focus was on describing the basic components of conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt and his followers focused on describing the basic components of conscious experience. This perspective was called structuralism because it aimed to uncover the structure of the mind or consciousness by breaking it down into its basic components, such as sensations, feelings, and thoughts, in order to understand how they work together to create a person's experience of the world.

Question 5

Psychology can be considered a collection of many related fields of study.What is one of the features that all of these fields have in common?&#10;A)The use of the scientific method&#10;B)The study of mental illness&#10;C)The belief that the unconscious mind determines human behaviour&#10;D)The use of introspection

Accepted Answer

All fields of psychology rely on the scientific method to gather and analyze data in order to form conclusions and theories about behavior and mental processes. This includes conducting experiments, using statistical analysis, and utilizing other empirical methods to test hypotheses. While mental illness is a common topic of study within many areas of psychology, it is not a defining feature of the field as a whole. The belief that the unconscious mind determines human behavior is a perspective within some areas of psychology, but it is not universally accepted or applied. Introspection, or self-reflection, was historically used as a method of inquiry in psychology but is no longer considered a reliable or valid way to study behavior and mental processes.

Question 6

Psychology has been considered a science since&#10;A)around 470 BCE.&#10;B)the early 1600s.&#10;C)the late 1800s.&#10;D)the mid-1900s.

Accepted Answer

Psychology began to be considered a science in the late 1800s when Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. Prior to this, psychology was considered a branch of philosophy and did not have the scientific methods and principles that define it today.

Question 7

The primary focus of social psychologists is&#10;A)exploring the influence of others on an individual's behaviour.&#10;B)investigating the nature and nurture relationship.&#10;C)explaining how people,like Hitler,grow up.&#10;D)studying how different personality characteristics can influence how we think and act.

Accepted Answer

The primary focus of social psychologists is exploring the influence of others on an individual's behaviour. Social psychologists study how social influence, social perception, conformity, group dynamics, and interpersonal relationships affect individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.

Question 8

Dr.D'Arcy's research focuses on the relationship between activity in specific regions of the brain and decision-making.It is likely that Dr.D'Arcy is in the field of _____________.&#10;A)biopsychology&#10;B)cognitive psychology&#10;C)industrial/organizational psychology&#10;D)cognitive neuroscience

Accepted Answer

Dr. D'Arcy's focus on the relationship between brain activity and decision-making suggests that they are likely in the field of cognitive neuroscience, which is the study of how brain processes relate to cognition and behavior. Biopsychology and cognitive psychology may also be related to this area of study, but cognitive neuroscience is the most specific choice. Industrial/organizational psychology is not related to this area of research.

Question 9

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and life's meaning.Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?&#10;A)Behaviourism&#10;B)Humanistic psychology&#10;C)Functionalism&#10;D)Psychodynamics

Accepted Answer

The use of terms such as free will and life's meaning suggests a focus on individual experiences and perspectives, which is consistent with the humanistic psychology perspective. Humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of personal growth, subjective experiences, and free will in shaping behavior and mental processes.

Question 10

The investigation into the influence of environment and genetics on behaviour and mental processes is often referred to as the study of&#10;A)the nature and nurture relationship.&#10;B)eugenics.&#10;C)Psychology.&#10;D)Anthropology.

Accepted Answer

The investigation into the influence of environment and genetics on behavior and mental processes is often referred to as the study of the nature and nurture relationship. This concept explores the interplay between innate biological factors and external environmental factors in shaping human behavior and development. Eugenics, psychology, and anthropology are all related fields but do not specifically focus on this aspect of human development.

Question 11

The biopsychosocial model assumes that&#10;A)behaviour can only be fully explained by combining multiple perspectives.&#10;B)biological factors are more important than social factors in determining behaviour.&#10;C)all living organisms form social groups based on their physical and psychological needs.&#10;D)the simplest explanation for behaviour is usually the best.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biopsychosocial model assumes that&#10;A)behaviour can only...

Question 12

__________ are general principles or explanations,whereas __________ are specific predictions.&#10;A)Theories;hypotheses&#10;B)Hypotheses;theories&#10;C)Theories;observations&#10;D)Observations;theories

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are general principles or explanations,whereas __________...

Question 13

___________ is the belief that knowledge comes through observation and experience.&#10;A)Determinism&#10;B)Parsimony&#10;C)Skepticism&#10;D)Empiricism

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ is the belief that knowledge comes...

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the concept of scientific literacy?&#10;A)Only trained scientists are considered scientifically literate.&#10;B)Scientific literacy is the ability to answer basic science questions without looking up their answers.&#10;C)Scientific literacy is the ability understand,analyze,and apply scientific information.&#10;D)Knowledge of scientific terminology is the most important part of scientific literacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 15

Which school of psychology questioned whether psychologists should study the mind,which was thought to be unobservable?&#10;A)Psychoanalysis&#10;B)Behaviourism&#10;C)Gestalt psychology&#10;D)Humanism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which school of psychology questioned whether psychologists...

Deck 1: E: Introducing Psychological Science