Question 1

The psychologist Carl Rogers developed a type of therapy called _____,which focuses on individuals' abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist.

A)object relations therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)insight therapy
D)client-centred therapy

D

Accepted Answer

The therapy described in the question, which focuses on individuals' abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist, is known as client-centred therapy. This was developed by the psychologist Carl Rogers. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 2

Family therapists take a _____ approach,an orientation toward family therapy that involves identifying and understanding what each individual family member contributes to the entire family dynamic.&#10;A)client-centred&#10;B)decentring&#10;C)systems&#10;D)mindfulness-based cognitive

Accepted Answer

Family therapists take a systems approach which involves understanding the entire family dynamic, including the contributions of individual family members. This approach aims to address issues within the family system rather than placing blame on individual members.

Question 3

In the middle of the 20th century,Walter Freeman and others infamously treated thousands of patients with a procedure known as&#10;A)shock therapy.&#10;B)frontal lobotomy.&#10;C)deep brain stimulation.&#10;D)anterior cingulotomy.

Accepted Answer

Walter Freeman and others famously performed thousands of frontal lobotomies, also known as prefrontal lobotomies, on patients in the mid-20th century. This procedure involved severing connections in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, often resulting in severe impairments in cognitive and emotional functioning.

Question 4

To treat his fear of spiders,in their first session,Nate's therapist has him lie still for 30 minutes while several tarantulas crawl on him.This extreme therapy is an example of&#10;A)aversive conditioning.&#10;B)flooding.&#10;C)systematic desensitization.&#10;D)virtual reality exposure.

Accepted Answer

The extreme therapy where Nate's therapist has him lie still for 30 minutes while several tarantulas crawl on him is an example of flooding. Flooding is a type of exposure therapy where the person is exposed to the feared stimulus at an intense level right from the start, instead of gradually building up the exposure like in systematic desensitization. The goal of flooding is to quickly extinguish the fear response since the brain cannot maintain the fear response for prolonged periods of time. Aversive conditioning involves pairing a negative stimulus with the feared object or situation, while virtual reality exposure involves using technology to simulate exposure to the feared stimulus.

Question 5

Rita is a mental health professional who has a Master's degree.She generally works with people who are having difficulty dealing with mild depression or anxiety,or are generally having trouble with stress or coping;she does not work with individuals who have more severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia or major depression.Rita is most likely a

A)counselling psychologist.
B)psychiatrist.
C)clinical psychologist.
D)forensic psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Rita primarily works with individuals who are having difficulty with mild mental health issues such as anxiety or stress. This is in line with the role of a counselling psychologist, who typically work with individuals on a less severe level of mental health issues compared to clinical psychologists who may deal with more severe disorders such as schizophrenia or major depression. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who are trained to prescribe medication for mental health disorders, while forensic psychologists typically work within the legal system.

Question 6

In general,antidepressant drugs are believed to work by&#10;A)decreasing monoamine activity in the brain.&#10;B)increasing monoamine activity in the brain.&#10;C)increasing GABA activity in the brain.&#10;D)decreasing GABA activity in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by increasing monoamine activity in the brain, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This leads to an increase in neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft and can help improve mood and relieve depressive symptoms.

Question 7

Which of the following is believed to be the key reason why men in Canada often go without psychological treatment?&#10;A)Psychotherapy is less effective for men than it is for women.&#10;B)Psychological problems tend to be less severe for men than for women.&#10;C)Men often believe that seeking treatment conflicts with masculinity.&#10;D)Psychological problems are more likely to resolve on their own for men than for women.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that men often avoid seeking psychological treatment because they believe it conflicts with their masculinity and the cultural norms surrounding male behavior. They may see therapy as a sign of weakness or vulnerability, and prefer to cope with their problems on their own or through more traditionally masculine outlets like alcohol or aggression. This is a significant barrier to accessing mental health services, and efforts are being made to increase awareness and reduce stigma around seeking help for men.

Question 8

Research into the effectiveness of antidepressants indicates that&#10;A)the most effect form of treatment is taking antidepressant drugs alone.&#10;B)psychotherapy works best without any pharmaceutical therapy.&#10;C)taking antidepressants combined with antipsychotic drugs is the most effective form of treatment.&#10;D)combining antidepressant drugs with psychotherapy is the most effective form of treatment.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that combining antidepressant drugs with psychotherapy is often the most effective form of treatment for depression. However, the effectiveness of treatment may vary for each individual, and it is important to work with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment.

Question 9

According to the text,the rigorous testing of specific psychotherapies is difficult,in part because&#10;A)clients do not want to receive experimental treatments.&#10;B)most people prefer self-help treatments.&#10;C)therapists cannot be blind to the type of therapy they are administering.&#10;D)few therapists are willing to participate in such studies.

Accepted Answer

The text states that rigorous testing of specific psychotherapies is difficult because "therapists cannot be blind to the type of therapy they are administering." This means that therapists know what type of therapy they are administering, which can affect the results of the study. It is therefore difficult to conduct controlled, randomized studies on psychotherapies. The other answer choices (A, B, and D) are not mentioned in the text as reasons for the difficulty in testing psychotherapies.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?&#10;A)ECT can be an effective treatment for severe cases of depression.&#10;B)ECT is no longer considered a valid or ethical form of treatment.&#10;C)ECT is still performed in the same way it was delivered in the 1930s and 1940s.&#10;D)ECT triggers a controlled stroke.

Accepted Answer

ECT can be an effective treatment for severe cases of depression, especially when other forms of treatment have been unsuccessful. It is still used today but with modifications and advancements in the procedure to make it safer and more tolerable for patients. It is not considered a first-line treatment and is typically only used when other treatments have failed or in emergency situations where the patient's life may be at risk.

Deck 16: E: Therapies