Deck 15: C: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

As the understanding of mental illness shifted from superstitious beliefs to physical ailments,_________ were built to house and treat patients.

A)hospitals
B)asylums
C)prisons
D)outpatient clinics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In a famous study discussed in your textbook,eight normal individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital after claiming that they were experiencing hallucinations.Which of the following happened next?

A)The hospital staff continued to view them as abnormal,despite the fact that they had no symptoms.
B)The hospital staff realized that they had been faking their original symptoms and the patients were discharged immediately.
C)Being in the psychiatric hospital caused them to develop real psychological symptoms after several days.
D)They quickly quit the study because the conditions in the psychiatric hospital were so poor.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When comparing individuals from a variety of cultures who have been diagnosed with PTSD,researchers have found that

A)individuals from Western and Eastern cultures experience the same physiological,cognitive,and emotional symptoms.
B)individuals from Western cultures experience different physiological,cognitive,and emotional symptoms,compared to those from Eastern cultures.
C)individuals from Western cultures experience the same physiological symptoms as those from Eastern cultures,but experience different cognitive and emotional symptoms.
D)individuals from Western cultures experience the same cognitive and emotional symptoms as those from Eastern cultures,but experience different physiological symptoms.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the argument for the use of labels applied to psychological disorders?

A)There are no recognized negative side effects associated with the use of labels for psychological disorders.
B)Labels provide an alternative to the DSM system for diagnosing mental illness.
C)Using labels reduces the stigma associated with mental illness.
D)Labels are often necessary for identifying and treating specific psychological disorders.

Question 5

Behaviour that causes people significant distress,increases the risk of injury or death,and/or impairs their ability to function in daily life is considered to be

A)maladaptive.
B)excessive.
C)unusual.
D)adaptive.

Question 6

People with _________ disorders have an excessively rigid,maladaptive pattern of behaviour and ways of relating to others.

A)personality
B)mood
C)affective
D)schizophrenic

Question 7

If a therapist thinks about psychological disorders in the same general way a physician thinks about diseases,the therapist is primarily applying the ______________ model to understand mental illness.

A)diagnostic
B)biopsychosocial
C)maladaptive
D)medical

Question 8

Jonah's therapist tells him that his depression is likely the result of several factors,including having a genetic predisposition to depression,a pessimistic personality,and a chaotic family life.This view of depression is an example of the _______________ model.

A)many-factor
B)biopsychosocial
C)maladaptive
D)medical

Question 9

In Canada,the legal defence that implies that an individual was in such an abnormal state of mind that they didn't know if their actions were legally or morally wrong,is officially referred to as the

A)insanity defence.
B)M'Naghten rule.
C)British insanity plea.
D)mental disorder defence.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the three important pieces of information outlined by the DSM-5 for each disorder?

A)guide for treating symptoms
B)set of symptoms
C)cause of symptoms
D)prediction as to how the symptoms will change over time

Question 11

The etiology of a psychological disorder refers to its

A)formal classification.
B)symptoms.
C)origins or causes.
D)treatment.

Question 12

The introduction,and success,of chlorpromazine was one of the major factors that led to

A)the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).
B)the creation of asylums.
C)deinstitutionalization.
D)the labelling of disorders.

Question 13

Melissa was recently diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder.When her coworkers find out,they stop inviting her to get drinks after work,and her boss promotes several less qualified employees ahead of her.The most likely cause of the behaviour of Melissa's colleagues is

A)the M'Naghten effect.
B)the stigma associated with mental illness.
C)her coworkers confusing "unusual" behaviour for "abnormal" behaviour.
D)her coworkers confusing bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Question 14

DSM stands for the

A)Diagnostic and Screening Model.
B)Disorders and Syndromes Manual.
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
D)Disordered Syndrome Model.

Question 15

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to:

A)outline medical treatments for psychological disorders.
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C)help mental health professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
D)describe the causes of common physiological disorders.

Question 16

Research indicates that one way to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness is to

A)remove individuals with mental illness from the general population.
B)educate individuals on first-person experiences of mental illness.
C)reduce unnecessary concern by limiting the public's exposure to topics related to mental illness.
D)require people diagnosed with mental illness to notify their employers.

Question 17

The ________ rule is a test of legal insanity that came from a British legal trial in 1843.

A)British Insanity
B)Campione
C)M'Naghten
D)Psychiatric Disorder

Question 18

The major determining factor that differentiates normal behaviour from 'disordered' behaviour is whether or not it is

A)different.
B)unusual.
C)maladaptive.
D)excessive.

Question 19

Stigmatization can be an unintended result of

A)outpatient treatment for psychological disorders.
B)using the medical model instead of the biopsychosocial model to understand mental illness.
C)using the mental disorder defence in a criminal trial.
D)labeling individuals as suffering from a psychological disorder.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)The mental disorder defence is raised in less than 1% of all criminal trials,and is only successful less than 25% of the time.
B)Most criminal lawyers attempt to use the mental disorder defence to clear their clients.
C)Although the mental disorder defence is rare,when it is used it is almost always successful (>80% success rate).
D)The mental disorder defence states that an individual who has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder cannot be found criminally responsible for their actions.

Question 21

Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive attention seeking and dramatic behaviour,including being overly flirtatious?

A)histrionic
B)borderline
C)narcissistic
D)dependent

Question 22

A dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as

A)dissociative identity disorder.
B)depersonalization disorder.
C)dissociative amnesia.
D)dissociative fugue.

Question 23

A psychiatric patient repeatedly breaks the law,behaves impulsively,and generally demonstrates a disregard for,and violation of,the rights of others.It is most likely that this patient will be diagnosed with

A)borderline personality disorder.
B)antisocial personality disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 24

People with which personality disorder are most likely to be arrested for violent or destructive crimes?

A)antisocial
B)borderline
C)histrionic
D)schizoid

Question 25

Some psychologists believe that histrionic personality disorder occurs when an individual engages in attention seeking to avoid the negative feelings they associate with being unnoticed.This is an example of a ___________ explanation for personality disorders.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)comorbid

Question 26

Antisocial,paranoid,and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders.

A)mood
B)dissociative
C)personality
D)anxiety

Question 27

The emotional reactivity in individuals with antisocial personality disorder (APD)has been linked to

A)hyperactivity in the amygdala and increased grey matter in the frontal lobes.
B)hyperactivity in the amygdala and reduced grey matter in the frontal lobes.
C)low amygdala activity and increased grey matter in the frontal lobes.
D)low amygdala activity and reduced grey matter in the frontal lobes.

Question 28

Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months,but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory.He notes that he feels like a robot,disconnected from his movements and actions.He also says that sometimes he feels like he "is no longer real." He is most likely suffering from

A)dissociative fugue.
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)depersonalization disorder.

Question 29

A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit

A)a charming,self-centred,and manipulative interpersonal style.
B)an unstable sense of self and volatility in his or her relationships.
C)intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns.
D)a strong need to be the centre of attention in all social situations.

Question 30

Cindy craves the attention of everyone around her.The few friends that she has would describe Cindy as being "full of herself," and acts like she is better than everyone else.When Cindy had sex with her best friend's boyfriend,she felt no remorse.Which personality disorder would Cindy be most likely to be diagnosed with?

A)borderline
B)avoidant
C)narcissistic
D)dependent

Question 31

Christian has made a career of stealing elderly people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments.Christian has no remorse about his actions and feels as though he deserves the money more than his 'clients.' Christian's behaviour and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder.

A)borderline
B)schizotypal
C)histrionic
D)antisocial

Question 32

Self-injury,such as the intentional cutting of one's self,is most closely associated with which personality disorder?

A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 33

Which of the following would be considered a sociocultural explanation for the development of antisocial personality disorder (APD)?

A)Individuals with APD tend to be resistant to psychological therapies.
B)Individuals with APD have reduced grey matter in the frontal lobes.
C)Adults with APD often have difficulty with decision-making tasks.
D)Individuals with APD have often experienced trauma or abuse.

Question 34

When people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD)are exposed to stressful stimuli,such as loud noises or the sudden appearance of an angry face,they show __________ responses than people without APD.

A)stronger
B)weaker
C)similar
D)more hostile

Question 35

What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a split between a person's conscious awareness and their feelings,memory,and identity?

A)anxiety disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)schizophrenia

Question 36

Which of the following statements about individuals with antisocial personality disorder (APD)is TRUE?

A)All individuals with APD are known to be violent towards others and animals.
B)Emotional detachment may allow individuals with APD to become quite successful in society.
C)Individuals with APD have overactive connections between the amygdala and the frontal lobes.
D)Thankfully,individuals with APD tend to respond well to psychological treatment and therapies.

Question 37

After being passed over for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from

A)depersonalization disorder.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)a dissociative fugue.
D)histrionic personality disorder.

Question 38

Gabriel is moody,often switching from one extreme emotion to its opposite.He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others.Gabriel is most likely suffering from ______ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 39

When Julia meets a potential mate,she often falls 'madly in love' and is completely obsessed with the other person;however,the moment something goes wrong,she immediately turns on them,often commenting on how much she hates them and is disgusted by them.Based on this description,Julia may be diagnosed with

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)paranoid schizophrenia.
D)a dissociative fugue.

Question 40

Which cluster of personality disorders contains paranoid,schizoid,and schizotypal personality disorders?

A)anxious,fearful,and inhibited
B)odd and eccentric
C)dramatic,emotional,and erratic
D)erratic and dissociative

Question 41

Benjamin has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months.He is probably suffering from

A)panic disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)a specific phobia.

Question 42

Haley is sitting at her desk in her office one day when,without warning,her heart begins racing rapidly,she starts sweating profusely,and she is gripped with a terrifying fear that she is about to die.Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode.Her symptoms most resemble

A)a phobic disorder.
B)a panic attack.
C)post-traumatic stress.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 43

Davis has such an intense,irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town.Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as living with

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)a specific phobia.
D)post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 44

People who have a __________ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others,so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)social phobia
C)specific phobia
D)panic disorder

Question 45

People who suffer from panic attacks can often develop

A)obsessions.
B)paranoia.
C)agoraphobia.
D)compulsions.

Question 46

Skeptics of dissociative identity disorder (DID)argue that

A)DID is just a subtype of schizophrenia.
B)evidence clearly contradicts the existence of DID.
C)DID is likely caused by traumatic experiences.
D)DID may be the product of techniques used by therapists.

Question 47

______________ disorders are characterized by fear or nervousness that is excessive,irrational,and maladaptive.

A)Anxiety
B)Personality
C)Mood
D)Dissociative

Question 48

The presence of at least two distinct personalities is characteristic of

A)schizoid personality disorder.
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 49

Which of the following disorders is the most controversial diagnosis?

A)dissociative identity disorder
B)histrionic personality disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 50

Shelby is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control.She often feels tense,even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety.Based on her behaviour,Shelby may be experiencing

A)agoraphobia.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)major depression.
D)a social phobia.

Question 51

Rob worries all of the time.He worries about his money,his children,and his dog.He cannot identify the specific source of his worry,but rather feels an overall sense of constant concern.Rob's symptoms sound most like

A)panic disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 52

While each panic attack is different,symptoms of a panic attack rarely continue for more than

A)3 minutes.
B)10 minutes.
C)30 minutes.
D)45 minutes.

Question 53

What separates an anxiety disorder from normal anxiety?

A)Anxiety disorders engage the HPA axis while normal anxiety engages the fight-or-flight response.
B)Anxiety disorders are characterized by higher intensity and longer duration of anxiety.
C)Anxiety disorders engage the fight-or-flight response whereas normal anxiety does not.
D)Anxiety disorders are characterized by short bursts of anxiety,while normal anxiety tends to last longer.

Question 54

From an evolutionary perspective,humans would be most likely to develop a phobia to which of the following?

A)atomic weapons
B)guns
C)snakes
D)cars

Question 55

Agoraphobia is an intense fear of

A)crowds.
B)having a panic attack in a public place.
C)leaving the house.
D)speaking to other people.

Question 56

Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her Abnormal Psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders.If you were a student in this class,what general category of disorder would you expect her to mention as one of the most frequently diagnosed psychological disorders?

A)anxiety disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)schizophrenia

Question 57

Anxiety is associated with physiological responses such as a racing heart and increased respiration.Which of the following is true about these physiological changes?

A)They are always a sign of mental illness.
B)They are always maladaptive.
C)They are part of the fight-or-flight response.
D)They are always adaptive.

Question 58

Anthony fears leaving his apartment during daylight hours even for a short walk to get his mail.His diagnosis would most likely belong in the category of __________ disorders.

A)mood
B)personality
C)anxiety
D)impulse-control

Question 59

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)and phobias?

A)Phobias are linked to specific triggers while GAD is not linked to a specific trigger.
B)GAD is linked to a specific trigger while phobias are not linked to a specific trigger.
C)GAD is an anxiety disorder,while phobias are not classified as a 'disorder.'
D)GAD is an anxiety disorder,while phobias are considered personality disorders.

Question 60

Which of the following is most likely to be cited by psychologists as a reason to be skeptical about dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A)PET scan studies of people diagnosed with DID
B)a steep increase in DID rates from the 1970s to 1990s
C)evidence for memory dissociation in those diagnosed with DID
D)the association between DID and stressful events

Question 61

Mr.Carpenter is constantly afraid that he is going to oversleep and be late for work.As a result,he spends nearly an hour each night making certain that his alarm clock is correctly set and saying "It's set,it's set,it's set" each of the times he checks it.This repetitive action is what clinical psychologists refer to as a(n)

A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Question 62

__________ is a disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression.

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Major depression
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Borderline personality disorder

Question 63

Sierra is constantly worried that everyone with whom she comes in contact is full of germs,so she is constantly rushing off to wash her hands.Sierra may suffer from which psychological disorder?

A)panic disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)social anxiety disorder
D)paranoid schizophrenia

Question 64

An intense fear of being in public or performing behaviours in public is a characteristic of

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 65

Jordan is suffering from major depression.She is convinced that she will always be unhappy and her life will never change.Which of the three elements of the pessimistic explanatory style does this illustrate?

A)globalizing
B)internalizing
C)stabilizing
D)externalizing

Question 66

Prolonged periods of sadness,feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness,social withdrawal,and cognitive and physical sluggishness best describe which disorder?

A)major depression
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)agoraphobia

Question 67

Emma has started to withdraw from her close friends,spends most of her time sleeping,and feels sad all the time.It's possible that Emma is suffering from

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)major depression.

Question 68

One biological explanation for depression is that an overactive ______________ responds strongly to emotions and sends signals that lead to a decrease in ______________ activity.

A)temporal lobe;amygdala
B)amygdala;temporal lobe
C)limbic system;frontal lobe
D)frontal lobe;limbic system

Question 69

The pessimistic explanatory style is characterized by which three elements?

A)externalizing,destabilizing,globalizing
B)internalizing,stabilizing,globalizing
C)externalizing,stabilizing,localizing
D)internalizing,destabilizing,localizing

Question 70

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between

A)depression and mania.
B)major depression and unipolar depression.
C)mania and social anxiety disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder and mania.

Question 71

People with OCD often develop ____________ in response to ______________.

A)agoraphobia;social anxiety
B)anxiety;agoraphobia
C)an obsession;a specific compulsion
D)a compulsion;a specific obsession

Question 72

Sid continually thinks about germs-at work,at home,before bed-during almost all his waking hours.Due to these thoughts,Sid washes his hands close to 100 times a day.Sid probably suffers from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 73

What mood disorder is characterized by alterations between periods of extremely high levels and extremely low levels of activity?

A)bipolar disorder
B)major depression
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 74

Kayla has experienced a decrease in the need for sleep for the past three nights,is extremely talkative and sexually charged,and has been very irresponsible with money lately.Kayla is likely in the midst of a(n)

A)compulsive episode.
B)major depressive episode.
C)manic episode.
D)obsessive episode.

Question 75

During the day,Maria suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as

A)compulsions.
B)delusions.
C)hallucinations.
D)obsessions.

Question 76

Sydney's therapist is trying to help her overcome her phobia of spiders.She starts by showing her pictures of spiders,then has Sydney sit in the same room as a spider in a box,and eventually touch a spider.This form of treatment is known as _________ therapy.

A)torture
B)exposure
C)gene
D)panic

Question 77

Which of the following is a mood disorder?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 78

___________ therapy involves the patient facing their fear by interacting with it.

A)Exposure
B)Mood
C)Gene
D)Panic

Question 79

Which of the following statements accurately describes the connection between poverty and depression?

A)Rates of depression are three times more likely among individuals living in poverty.
B)Rates of depression are three times lower among individuals living in poverty.
C)Surprisingly,there is no difference in rates of depression based on socioeconomic status.
D)Rates of depression are ten times more likely among individuals living in poverty.

Question 80

Research into demographic differences in the rates of major depression suggests that

A)men and woman have similar rates of diagnosis.
B)men are three times more likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder.
C)women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with the disorder.
D)there are no age,gender,or racial differences in the prevalence of the disorder.