Question 1

What is the benefit of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)?&#10;A)It increases stamina during intense exercise.&#10;B)It promotes the formation of new brain synapses.&#10;C)It severely increases the effects of stress on the body.&#10;D)It leads to moderate to severe cognitive impairment.

Accepted Answer

BDNF promotes the formation of new brain synapses, which is important for learning and memory.

Question 2

Gretta is in an abusive relationship with her boyfriend.Although leaving her boyfriend is an obvious way to end the abuse,Gretta has been in this situation for so long that she no longer feels that she has any control over it.Gretta's situation illustrates the concept of

A)compensatory control.
B)learned helplessness.
C)resilience.
D)post-traumatic growth.

B

Accepted Answer

Gretta's feeling of having no control over her situation despite wanting to change it is a classic example of learned helplessness. This concept refers to a state in which an individual has learned to perceive themselves as helpless to change their circumstances, even if a solution is obvious. It is typically a result of repeated exposure to uncontrollable negative situations, such as chronic abuse. The other options, compensatory control, resilience, and post-traumatic growth, are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between media that features smoking and adolescent smoking behaviour?&#10;A)The more adolescents are exposed to movies featuring smoking,the less likely they are to have tried smoking.&#10;B)The more adolescents are exposed to movies featuring smoking,the more likely they are to have tried smoking.&#10;C)Although smoking in movies has remained relatively stable,smoking rates among Canadian adolescents has been steadily increasing.&#10;D)Although smoking in movies has been steadily decreasing,smoking rates among Canadian adolescents has remained relatively stable.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown a strong correlation between exposure to smoking in movies and adolescent smoking behavior. Adolescents who are exposed to a higher number of smoking scenes in movies are more likely to start smoking themselves.

Question 4

The health benefits of close social relationships,such as marriage,appear to be due in part to a hormone called&#10;A)epinephrine.&#10;B)cortisol.&#10;C)oxytocin.&#10;D)norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The hormone that is associated with close social relationships and marriage is oxytocin. Oxytocin is known as the "bonding hormone" because it is released during social bonding activities such as hugging, kissing, and sex. This hormone has various health benefits, including reducing stress levels, lowering blood pressure, and improving social interactions.

Question 5

Sheleigh and Henry are two married adults.Statistically speaking,how is their marriage most likely to affect their health?&#10;A)Both are likely to experience health benefits from being married,but Henry will probably benefit more than Sheleigh.&#10;B)Both are likely to experience health benefits from being married,but Sheleigh will probably benefit more than Henry.&#10;C)Sheleigh will likely have poorer health outcomes due to being married,while Henry will experience health benefits.&#10;D)Henry will likely have poorer health outcomes due to being married,while Sheleigh will experience health benefits.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that marriage generally has a positive impact on health outcomes for both partners, but men often experience more significant benefits than women. This can be attributed to various factors, including emotional support and healthier lifestyles encouraged by their spouses.

Question 6

The HPA axis involves which three structures?&#10;A)Hippocampus,pituitary gland,adrenal glands&#10;B)Hypothalamus,pineal gland,adenoids&#10;C)Hippocampus,pineal gland,adrenal glands&#10;D)Hypothalamus,pituitary gland,adrenal glands

Accepted Answer

The correct three structures involved in the HPA axis are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which signals the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol. This axis is important in the body's stress response and regulation of many physiological processes.

Question 7

High rates of heart disease in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities are likely due to a combination of poor diet and which other factor?&#10;A)stress&#10;B)drug use&#10;C)lead exposure&#10;D)education

Accepted Answer

While all of these factors may contribute to poor health outcomes, research has shown that chronic stress can have a significant impact on heart health. Socioeconomic disadvantage is often associated with higher levels of stress, which can lead to a variety of health problems including high blood pressure, inflammation, and damage to the heart muscle. Additionally, stress may contribute to unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and overeating.

Question 8

What effect does watching food commercials have on the eating habits of viewers?&#10;A)Food commercials generally have little to no effect on eating habits.&#10;B)People are more likely to eat the specific product being advertised in the commercial,but not other unrelated foods.&#10;C)Snacking in general is more likely after viewers watch a food commercial.&#10;D)The eating habits of adults are influenced more by food commercials than are the eating habits of children.

Accepted Answer

Watching food commercials can increase the likelihood of snacking in general, as they can trigger cravings and increase appetite, leading viewers to eat more, not just the specific product advertised.

Question 9

Biofeedback is a therapeutic technique that involves&#10;A)focusing on a specific thought or sensation,such as an image or a repeated sound.&#10;B)attending to all thoughts,sensations,and feelings without attempting to judge or control them.&#10;C)the use of physiological recording instruments to provide feedback that increases awareness of bodily responses.&#10;D)bodily interaction with thinking and emotion.

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a technique that uses physiological recording instruments to provide feedback on bodily responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension. This feedback is used to increase awareness of these responses and learn how to control them for therapeutic purposes. Choices A, B, and D describe other therapeutic techniques such as mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy, but do not specifically reference biofeedback.

Question 10

Which aspect of Type A personality is most closely correlated with increased risk for heart disease?&#10;A)competitiveness&#10;B)anger and hostility&#10;C)high motivation&#10;D)worrying about time

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that anger and hostility, which are common traits of Type A personalities, are strongly associated with an increased risk for heart disease. Individuals who exhibit these traits may experience chronically elevated levels of stress hormones, which can lead to inflammation, high blood pressure, and damage to the arteries.

Deck 14: E: Health, Stress, and Coping