Deck 13: B: Social Psychology

Question 1

Which scenario best demonstrates the fundamental attribution error?

A)Dorothy thinks that a co-worker is late because he overslept.
B)Craig thinks that his classmate must have gotten a poor grade on an exam because the exam was too difficult.
C)Blanche believes that the driver of the speeding vehicle must be responding to an emergency situation.
D)Tom laughs at a friend who trips over a shoe because she falls in such a dramatic way.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to research,the larger the group,the

A)safer you are.
B)more likely you are to receive help.
C)more likely you are to give assistance.
D)less likely you are to give or receive help.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the Milgram experiment on obedience,the dependent variable was the

A)learner's incorrect responses.
B)intensity of shock delivered.
C)learner's screams of pain.
D)number of mistakes made by the learner.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When a group exerts such strong pressure to conform that it prevents people from expressing critical ideas,the group is suffering from

A)groupthink.
B)polarization.
C)risky shift.
D)deindividuation.

Question 5

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because

A)the "learners" made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances.
B)the "teachers" actually enjoyed shocking another person.
C)the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted.
D)the "learners" obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest.

Question 6

In the famous Milgram experiment on obedience,who received a shock?

A)the "learner"
B)no one
C)the confederate
D)the subject

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is conducive to creating a groupthink effect?

A)the illusion of disagreement
B)a weak leader
C)failing to critically evaluate ideas
D)members who do not like each other

Question 8

During a Girl Scout picnic,Lavinia was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Carla on the opposing team.Before the game started,both Lavinia and Carla were convinced that their own team was the better one.The girls' reactions best illustrate

A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)deindividuation.
C)the reciprocity norm.
D)ingroup bias.

Question 9

Asch (1951)used __________ to study informational conformity.

A)the "kinetic effect"
B)the latency of response
C)social loafing in a tug of war group
D)line lengths

Question 10

Even though he thought the Army Reserve's short hair regulation was silly,Ted really wanted the extra money Reserve duty provided to him,so he kept his hair short.This is an example of

A)conformity.
B)reactance.
C)private acceptance.
D)a role.

Question 11

Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding.The caterer is thirty minutes late and still hasn't arrived.Colin suggests the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic.Colin's attribution can be characterized as a

A)personal attribution.
B)situational attribution.
C)counterfactual attribution.
D)correspondent attribution.

Question 12

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test.The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

A)he is unmotivated to do well in school.
B)the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class.
C)his parents had an argument that evening before the test.
D)he was not given enough time to complete the test.

Question 13

Groupthink can be avoided by

A)having a strong leader.
B)inviting outsiders to give their opinions.
C)striving for a consensus among members.
D)having bright,well-informed members.

Question 14

In the Milgram experiment on obedience,the _______ was a confederate of the experimenter.

A)subject
B)female subject
C)learner
D)normal person

Question 15

The Stanford Prison Study has been criticized on the basis of

A)methodological weaknesses.
B)inability to replicate it.
C)lack of real-life application.
D)ethics.

Question 16

To conform is to yield to

A)social norms.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)secondary processes.
D)response cues.

Question 17

When 68-year-old Mrs.Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway,she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes.One year later,she had a flat tire on a busy freeway and an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance.Mrs.Blake's experience best illustrates

A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)the mere exposure effect.
C)group polarization.
D)the bystander effect.

Question 18

In which scenario would an individual be most likely to conform by giving the same response as the confederates?

A)12 confederates give the same answer and one confederate provides the correct response.
B)8 confederates give the same answer and one provides a different but also incorrect response.
C)4 confederates give the same answer and all of the responses are the same.
D)2 confederates give the same answer and one provides another answer that is incorrect.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of conformity?

A)A soldier shoots enemy women and children on orders from his commanding officer.
B)A policeman beats a prisoner to force a confession on orders of his commanding officer.
C)Passengers move to the back of the bus as soon as the driver tells them to.
D)Stan has thrown away all of his old ties and bought new ones to "be in style."

Question 20

People won't help when there are many bystanders because

A)of diffusion of responsibility.
B)people are egoistic.
C)people like to see others hurt.
D)people are not altruistic.

Question 21

According to Festinger,the feeling of discomfort that results from the realization that our beliefs and our behaviours are discrepant is called

A)attribution.
B)balance theory.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)confirmation bias.

Question 22

_______ puts people into categories with each category having its own set of characteristics.

A)Stereotyping
B)Prejudice
C)Discrimination
D)Bias

Question 23

What theory was advanced by Festinger?

A)balance
B)cognitive heuristic
C)cognitive dissonance
D)confirmation bias

Question 24

According to research,prejudice is reduced when people must

A)come into contact with one another.
B)change their attitudes and behaviours.
C)cooperate with one another to achieve a goal.
D)live together.

Question 25

Over-simplified generalizations about the characteristics of a group are called

A)prejudices.
B)stereotypes.
C)biases.
D)discrimination.

Question 26

Prejudice differs from discrimination in that it is

A)unjustified.
B)a behaviour.
C)an attitude.
D)negative.

Question 27

Which of the following is a negative,often aggressive behaviour aimed at the target of prejudice?

A)stereotypes
B)bias
C)discrimination
D)reactance