Question 1

Approximately what percentage of participants delivered the maximum possible shock in Milgram's obedience study?&#10;A)0%&#10;B)6%&#10;C)15%&#10;D)65%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 65% of participants in Milgram's obedience study delivered the maximum possible shock, demonstrating a high level of obedience to authority figures even in morally conflicting situations.

Question 2

Amanda has been told by many other students that the Introduction to Psychology professor is a poor instructor.While attending her first lecture,Amanda barely pays attention and spends most of her time messaging her friends instead.Following the lecture,Amanda agrees with what she's heard-her professor must be a bad instructor because she barely learned anything.This example illustrates the concept of

A)self-fulfilling prophecies.
B)thin slices of behaviour.
C)person perception.
D)dual-process models.

A

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates the concept of self-fulfilling prophecies, as Amanda's preconceived belief that the professor is a poor instructor influenced her behaviour and ultimately confirmed her initial belief.

Question 3

Which of the following is a criticism of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)?&#10;A)The IAT may measure only familiarity with a stereotype,not actual prejudice.&#10;B)The IAT actually measures explicit prejudice,not implicit prejudice.&#10;C)The IAT is not reliable when subjects are retested.&#10;D)Subjects can change their responses to make themselves appear less prejudiced.

Accepted Answer

One criticism of the IAT is that it may only measure familiarity with a stereotype, rather than actual prejudice. This means that someone may show a bias on the IAT simply because they are more familiar with a certain stereotype or association, not because they hold explicit or implicit prejudices towards a certain group.

Question 4

Jenny is concerned about the effects of vaccines on her infant son.Her friend,Neil,shows her the research that supports their effectiveness and safety and explains many of the misconceptions people hold about vaccines.After listening carefully to Neil,Jenny is convinced that vaccines are safe and agrees that vaccinating her son is a good idea.In this instance,Neil has used ___________ to change Jenny's mind.

A)the peripheral route to persuasion
B)the central route to persuasion
C)identifiable victim effect
D)the experiential system

Accepted Answer

Neil used the central route to persuasion by presenting Jenny with factual information and helping her to understand the misconceptions around vaccines. This approach requires a more thorough evaluation of the information presented and leads to more permanent changes in attitudes and beliefs.

Question 5

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute the actions of others to _____,while ignoring the role of _____.&#10;A)ingroup factors;outgroup factors&#10;B)outgroup factors;ingroup factors&#10;C)their disposition;the situation&#10;D)the situation;their disposition

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute the actions of others to their disposition (internal factors such as personality or attitude), while ignoring the role of the situation or external factors that may have contributed to their behavior.

Question 6

When making a difficult decision,group members sometimes strive for agreement so as to avoid arguments,a phenomenon known as&#10;A)social loafing.&#10;B)obedience.&#10;C)social facilitation.&#10;D)groupthink.

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is the tendency of group members to strive for agreement and unanimity in decision-making, often at the expense of critical thinking and open discussion. It occurs when group members prioritize maintaining group harmony over expressing diverse opinions and ideas, leading to errors in judgment and flawed decision-making. Social loafing refers to a decrease in individual effort and productivity when working in a group, obedience refers to following orders from authority figures, and social facilitation refers to an improvement in performance when working in the presence of others.

Question 7

Conceptually,_____ is the opposite of the fundamental attribution error.&#10;A)cognitive dissonance&#10;B)the self-fulfilling prophecy&#10;C)outgroup bias&#10;D)self-serving bias

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency for individuals to overemphasize dispositional (internal) explanations for other people's behavior, while underemphasizing situational (external) factors. On the other hand, the self-serving bias is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to dispositional factors (such as their abilities) and their failures to situational factors (such as bad luck or external circumstances). Thus, the self-serving bias is the opposite of the fundamental attribution error because it involves overemphasizing situational factors for oneself and underemphasizing dispositional factors.

Question 8

Malcom wants to raise as much money as possible to help the victims of a local town that was destroyed by wildfires.Which of the following strategies is most likely to result in the largest donations?&#10;A)explaining that 2400 buildings were destroyed,including many residential homes&#10;B)describing that the fire spread across nearly 1.5 million acres of land before being contained&#10;C)describing the story of 3-year-old Gilly,who lost her house and most of her belongings&#10;D)explaining that close to 2000 people were left homeless due to the damage caused by the fire

Accepted Answer

Personal stories are often more effective at evoking emotions and motivating people to donate compared to statistics and facts. Highlighting the story of a specific individual like 3-year-old Gilly can help potential donors relate to the cause and feel a sense of empathy towards the victims.

Question 9

In Solomon Asch's famous experiment in which participants were asked to visually judge the length of lines,why did many participants give the incorrect answer at least part of the time?&#10;A)The lines were too close in length to accurately judge their relative lengths.&#10;B)The participants conformed their answers to those offered by others in the room.&#10;C)The participants were influenced by experimenter expectancy effects.&#10;D)The participants believed they would be physically punished if they provided the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

In Asch's experiment, participants were asked to publicly give their answer in front of a group of others who intentionally gave an incorrect answer. This created a social pressure to conform to the group's answer, even if it contradicted their own judgment.

Question 10

Kyle is an independent filmmaker who has always believed that big Hollywood movies are garbage.Recently,however,he agreed to work on a big-budget Hollywood movie because the pay was very good.Now he tells his friends,"Not all Hollywood movies are that bad." Kyle's change in attitude is likely the result of

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)conformity.
C)groupthink.
D)group polarization.

Accepted Answer

Kyle's change in attitude is likely the result of cognitive dissonance, where he has conflicted beliefs and the decision to work on a Hollywood movie for the pay has caused him to alter his previous belief that all Hollywood movies are garbage.

Deck 13: E: Social Psychology