Deck 12: Correctional Psychology in Adult Settings

Question 1

Approximately half of individuals in jails are ______ and another half are ______.

A) innocent; serving short-term sentences
B) guilty; violent
C) women; juveniles
D) mentally disordered; substance abusers on house arrest

Answer 1

innocent; serving short-term sentences

Question 2

One future change in institutional corrections will likely involve a(n) ______.

A) increase in the overall recidivism rate for violent offenders
B) decrease in mental health needs of incarcerated individuals
C) positive outcomes of the war on drugs
D) growth of private prisons

Answer 2

growth of private prisons

Question 3

Penitentiaries, correctional institutions, prison camps, halfway houses, and detention centers comprise the ______.

A) Federal Bureau of Prisons
B) maximum security spectrum
C) correctional operational system
D) prison community

Answer 3

Federal Bureau of Prisons

Question 4

Electronic monitoring, house arrest, and day reporting are examples of ______.

A) sanctioned retention
B) community corrections
C) lenient sentencing
D) probation requirements

Question 5

Which service are psychologists most likely to perform in jail?

A) substance abuse treatment
B) chronic disease prevention
C) AIDS education
D) crisis intervention

Question 6

Estelle v. Gamble (1976) granted inmates the right to ______ medical treatment.

A) specialized
B) state-of-the-art
C) life-saving
D) adequate

Question 7

High-security prisons or units within a facility designed to hold the most violent inmates are called ______.

A) supermax prisons
B) specialized facilities
C) boot camps
D) intermediate sanctions

Question 8

Inmates have all of the following constitutional rights except the right to ______.

A) refuse treatment
B) receive psychoactive medication
C) observe religious practices
D) access to rehabilitation programs

Question 9

In Brown v. Plata (2011), the Supreme Court ruled that inmate mental health care had deteriorated in the state of California because of ______.

A) a lack of trained psychologists
B) an influx of violent offenders
C) increased electronic monitoring
D) prison overcrowding

Question 10

Which type of prison transfer requires a hearing and due process protections?

A) a transfer of an inmate to a mental institution
B) a transfer due to overcrowding
C) a transfer of an inmate to a more restrictive setting
D) a transfer in order to break up a violent prison gang

Question 11

Which standard of proof pertains to Estelle v. Gamble (1976)?)

A) deliberate indifference
B) simple negligence
C) beyond a reasonable doubt
D) preponderance of the evidence

Question 12

A court-ordered period of correctional supervision in the community is known as ______.

A) probation
B) recidivism
C) parole
D) restitution

Question 13

Why is it so difficult to know the true number of sexual assaults that occur in prisons each year?

A) Most corrections officers do not consider these incidents to be violent.
B) The assaults primarily occur in overcrowded federal penitentiaries.
C) Prisons and jails have no mandate to report these incidents.
D) Many assaults are not reported.

Question 14

Federal and state prisons hold only ______.

A) males who have been arrested
B) persons convicted of felonies
C) individuals convicted of a crime
D) violent males and nonpregnant females

Question 15

What is the leading cause of death in jails?

A) suicide
B) murder by fellow detainee
C) negligent homicide committed by facility staff
D) drug overdose

Question 16

Who decides which inmates are assigned to particular rehabilitation programs such as job training and substance abuse education?

A) the inmate
B) the correctional psychologist
C) the victim's family
D) the corrections official

Question 17

A majority of federal inmates are in the custody of ______.

A) the Federal Bureau of Prisons
B) prison hospitals
C) state correctional facilities
D) privately managed institutions

Question 18

Which industrialized country has the highest incarceration rate?

A) Australia
B) United States
C) Canada
D) United Kingdom

Question 19

Which of the following individuals would most likely be held in a jail?

A) a female convicted of a drug offense
B) a corporate executive who has been convicted of embezzlement
C) a male adult convicted of forcible rape
D) an alleged drug dealer awaiting trial

Question 20

Which organization published 66 standards in 2010 to offer direction and support to practitioners working in a correctional setting?

A) National Commission on Correctional Health Care
B) International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology
C) American Psychological Association
D) American Society for Forensic Psychiatrists

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need?

A) depression
B) low self-esteem
C) anxiety
D) alcohol abuse

Question 22

The LSI-R is scored on the basis of record reviews and ______.

A) offender interviews
B) correctional staff feedback
C) intelligence tests
D) conviction data

Question 23

Which statement best summarizes the psychological research on solitary confinement?

A) Solitary confinement is a necessary punitive measure for violent inmates for short periods of time.
B) Solitary confinement is most effective when used for an offender with a mental disorder.
C) Because solitary confinement has detrimental effects on both inmates and correctional officers, it should not be used for extended periods of time.
D) Compared to the rest of the inmate population, inmates in supermax prisons are better able to tolerate conditions of solitary confinement as long as they have adequate food, water, and medical care.

Question 24

A treatment model in which trained counselors work with a small group of offenders, establish therapeutic relationships, and engage them in the process of changing substance abuse behavior is called ______.

A) therapeutic community
B) aftercare treatment
C) multi-systemic therapy
D) structural interviewing

Question 25

The method of treatment used in a correctional facility often depends on the ______.

A) professional orientation of the clinician
B) involvement of the corrections officer
C) age of the inmate
D) meal schedule at the prison

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of self-directed violence?

A) homicide
B) solitary confinement
C) electronic monitoring
D) suicide

Question 27

According to James Bonta, the third generation of standardized risk/needs assessment takes into consideration factors such as ______.

A) mental and medical history
B) one's attitude toward authority
C) family support and individual functioning
D) support and rehabilitation services

Question 28

Which of the following is a criticism of the primary treatment approach that was used in prisons during the 1960s?

A) Most inmates had a history of prosocial behavior while in prison.
B) Inmates did not have the intellectual capacity to recognize their erroneous beliefs.
C) The mosaic of despair became central to life inside the prison.
D) The results did not apply to life outside the prison.

Question 29

Imagine you are conducting an evaluation of one's competency to be executed. Which component would be the most important in your evaluation?

A) review of legal, health, and prison records
B) interviews with corrections officers
C) psychological testing
D) clinical interview of the prisoner

Question 30

What is the American Psychological Association's stance on the mental health professional's role in evaluating an offender's competence to be executed?

A) Psychologists should not participate in these evaluations.
B) Psychologists should never document that an offender is competent to be executed.
C) Psychologists should not videotape the evaluation of the offender.
D) Psychologists should not be sole decision makers in deciding an offender's competence to be executed.

Question 31

In Atkins v. Virginia (2002), the Supreme Court ruled that it was cruel and unusual punishment to execute ______.

A) individuals with schizophrenia
B) offenders who are innocent
C) individuals with intellectual disabilities
D) mothers of minor children

Question 32

What do non-criminogenic needs and criminogenic needs have in common?

A) They both strongly correlate with criminal behavior.
B) They are both dynamic factors.
C) They both serve as treatment goals.
D) They are both static factors.

Question 33

Lawyer and scholar Fred Cohen brought attention to which prison issue relevant to correctional psychologists?

A) deficient mental health records
B) unannounced cell searches
C) illegal body cavity searches
D) solitary confinement

Question 34

Yvette Young is a psychologist at the Federal Correctional Institution, Schuylkill. Sandy Slate is a social worker at the Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute. Which professional is more likely to use group therapy as part of treatment and why?

A) Sandy Slate because group therapy is more effective with violent offenders
B) Sandy Slate because group therapy is more likely to be used in the social work discipline
C) Yvette Young because psychologists typically use all available treatment approaches
D) Yvette Young because psychologists are more likely than social workers to use group therapy

Question 35

Research suggests that the PCL-R has which shortcoming in the treatment of psychopaths?

A) It focuses entirely on recidivism.
B) It does not address past offending history.
C) It is designed to be scored by correctional officers.
D) It does not capture short-term reduction in psychopathic traits.

Question 36

Psychological treatment in correctional facilities generally follows principles of ______.

A) transactional analysis
B) responsibility therapy
C) risk/needs/responsivity
D) person-centered rehabilitation

Question 37

The PCL-R, VRAG, and the HCR-20 are psychological tests typically administered at which stage of an inmate's incarceration?

A) entry
B) crisis
C) atonement
D) release

Question 38

An initial inmate screening should occur ______.

A) as soon as possible after admission to the facility
B) after the inmate adjusts to the facility routine
C) as soon as the inmate feels refreshed and revitalized
D) after a violent incident has occurred

Question 39

Why is it important that psychological assessment be an ongoing process?

A) because psychological and behavioral changes can occur throughout an inmate's incarceration
B) because inmates are in a constant state of crisis
C) because an inmate may have several opportunities for community reentry
D) because inmates typically have poor decision-making and coping skills

Question 40

Dr. Fox is working with an inmate to help strengthen his coping skills after the death of his wife. Which category does the treatment goal fall under?

A) mental health stabilization
B) rehabilitation
C) behavior modification
D) death notification

Question 41

More than 90% of psychologists working in the Federal Bureau of Prisons hold doctorates.

Question 42

As a group, psychopaths rarely volunteer for prison treatment programs.

Question 43

Relapse prevention is best defined as ______. agasagg

A) dynamic factors that are subject to change
B) a period of conditional supervised release in the community following a prison term
C) the number of individuals who are incarcerated per 100,000 population
D) a self-control program designed to teach individuals who are trying to change their behavior how to anticipate and cope with the problem of relapse

Question 44

Depression is an example of a criminogenic need.

Question 45

Most women are in prison because of drug or property offending.

Question 46

There is widespread agreement among researchers and clinicians that sex offenders cannot be cured.

Question 47

The key words relative to the success of cognitive behavioral treatment are temporary cessation and motivated individual.

Question 48

The prevalence of mental disorders among inmates is lower than the rate of mental disorders in the general population.

Question 49

Segregation of inmates is a rare occurrence in North American prisons.

Question 50

Who typically requests a psychological assessment for release decisions?

A) the correctional officer
B) the prison administrator
C) the parole board
D) the inmate's family

Question 51

Canada has the highest incarceration rate of any industrialized country.

Question 52

Probationers represent the majority of offenders under community supervision.

Question 53

Rapists and child molesters are the two sex offender groups that are most amenable to treatment.

Question 54

Cell searches in jail and prison settings are up to the discretion of correctional officials.

Question 55

Inmates lose their constitutional rights upon admission to a jail or prison.

Question 56

Psychological treatment in prisons often follows the principles of ______.

A) the medical model
B) behavioral modification
C) group treatment
D) risk/need/responsivity

Question 57

Jails are typically operated by the federal government.

Question 58

The number of individuals who are incarcerated per 100,000 population is known as the ______ rate.

A) recidivism
B) incarceration
C) rehabilitation
D) penal

Question 59

The IACFP recommends that all new inmates be screened for ______ and ______ before being placed with the general inmate population.

A) psychopathy; weapons
B) treatment; community reentry
C) substance abuse; prior institutionalizations
D) mental illness; suicide risk

Question 60

Psychological treatment of inmates in jail settings is considerably different from treatment in prisons.

Question 61

Choose one special population discussed in the chapter and describe one approach to treatment for that population.

Question 62

How is recidivism measured?

Question 63

Briefly describe typical conditions of solitary confinement. Include information about the psychological literature on solitary confinement.

Question 64

Define and provide two examples of criminogenic needs and two examples of non-criminogenic needs.

Question 65

Define intensive supervision programs and intensive rehabilitation supervision. What does the research tell us about the effectiveness of each type of program?

Question 66

Describe the mosaic of despair.

Question 67

Compare and contrast jails and prisons. How does psychological treatment differ according to the setting?

Question 68

Imagine you are conducting a competency to be executed evaluation. Refer to some techniques described in the chapter and explain the process that you would use.

Question 69

Discuss the characteristics of prison that negatively affect therapeutic success in prisons. What factors, if any, may enhance therapeutic success?