Deck 19: Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Question 1

Cat scratch disease is caused by

A) Rickettsia rickettsii.
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C) Streptococcus pyogenes.
D) Bartonella henselae.
E) Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the pathogenic process underlying Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A) cellular damage via potent exotoxins
B) damage to blood vessels
C) stimulation of a strong immune response
D) interference with host cell metabolism
E) formation of biofilms in host tissues

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Smallpox was the first human disease to be

A) analyzed and studied on the genetic level.
B) treated with antiviral drugs.
C) globally eradicated.
D) identified as a viral disease.
E) re-created in an experimental animal.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

One feature that differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci is its

A) slime layer production.
B) coagulase production.
C) beta-lactamase production.
D) production of both a slime layer and coagulase.
E) production of both coagulase and beta-lactamase.

Question 5

The common name for a furuncle is

A) a boil.
B) a sty.
C) a wart.
D) acne.
E) a rash.

Question 6

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Streptococcus pyogenes.
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
D) Rickettsia rickettsii.
E) both Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 7

Impetigo can be caused by

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Streptococcus pyogenes.
D) both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 8

Petechiae are subcutaneous hemorrhages associated with which of the following?

A) RMSF
B) anthrax
C) smallpox
D) necrotizing fasciitis
E) herpes gladiatorum

Question 9

An infection of a hair follicle at the base of an eyelid is called a

A) pimple.
B) sty.
C) furuncle.
D) carbuncle.
E) macule.

Question 10

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by

A) coagulase.
B) lipase.
C) beta-lactamase.
D) exfoliative toxins.
E) staphylokinase.

Question 11

"Pox" is a term synonymous with which of the following?

A) a macule
B) a papule
C) a vesicle
D) a pustule
E) a whitlow

Question 12

The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because

A) the outer layers of cells are dead.
B) the surface is covered in salt.
C) it is well supplied with blood vessels to flush microbes from the surface.
D) no microbes are able to survive on the surface.
E) the outer layers are dead and covered in salt.

Question 13

Clostridium perfringens is a strict anaerobe that is a common environmental contaminant and consequently of wounds due to its ability to

A) produce hyaluronidase.
B) produce endospores.
C) form biofilms.
D) invade cells.
E) grow in an insect vector.

Question 14

Normal skin microbiota are able to grow on the skin because of their resistance to

A) sebum.
B) salt.
C) keratin.
D) sebum and salt.
E) sebum, salt, and keratin.

Question 15

Which of the following is a complication that may result from a Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection?

A) a carbuncle
B) a sty
C) shingles
D) scalded skin syndrome
E) erysipelas

Question 16

The resistance of Pseudomonas to a wide variety of antimicrobial drugs is due, in part, to its

A) production of exoenzyme S.
B) production of pyocyanin.
C) ability to utilize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources.
D) ability to grow in almost any moist environment.
E) ability to pump drugs out of the cell.

Question 17

A specific wavelength of blue light can be used to treat

A) swimmer's ear.
B) RMSF.
C) acne.
D) cat scratch disease.
E) bacteremia.

Question 18

Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus can resist penicillin because they produce

A) a slime layer.
B) coagulase.
C) beta-lactamase.
D) staphylokinase.
E) lipase.

Question 19

Transovarian transmission is a process by which

A) a pathogen infects the ovaries of its host.
B) a pathogen is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated eggs.
C) an infected female vector transmits a pathogen to the eggs in its ovaries.
D) a pathogen is transmitted from an infected male to a healthy female during mating.
E) a pathogen is spread from host to host by unprotected sexual intercourse.

Question 20

Anthrax derives its name from which of the following aspects of the disease?

A) the appearance of eschars on the skin
B) the shape of its endospores
C) the microscopic appearance of its cells
D) the shape of B. anthracis colonies on agar
E) the necessity of burning animals killed by the disease

Question 21

Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the same virus that causes

A) smallpox.
B) German measles.
C) measles.
D) whitlows.
E) chickenpox.

Question 22

Some strains of Papillomavirus are oncogenic due to their ability to

A) lie dormant in cells for years.
B) integrate into the host cell DNA.
C) escape the phagosome before lysosome fusion.
D) produce deoxyribonucleases.
E) cause extensive damage to blood vessels.

Question 23

Which of the following forms of leishmaniasis is typically fatal?

A) visceral
B) mucocutaneous
C) cutaneous
D) Both Cutaneous and mucocutaneous are frequently fatal.
E) Visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous are all potentially fatal.

Question 24

A man is suffering severe foot pain in the area of what looks like a large wart. He reports he has had the wart for some time, and the pain and swelling have developed slowly. A sample from the lesion shows that the pus contains large cells that stain a golden brown color. The man is likely suffering from

A) sporotrichosis.
B) necrotizing fasciitis.
C) chromoblasomycosis.
D) mycetoma.
E) phaeohyphomycosis.

Question 25

A child has a rash on the face, arms, upper legs and torso that is splotchy, and intensifies after being in the sun. The child does not complain of fever or itchiness. The signs and symptoms are consistent with

A) chickenpox.
B) roseola.
C) fifth disease.
D) cat scratch disease.
E) scabies.

Question 26

Sporotrichosis is more commonly known as

A) scabies.
B) ringworm.
C) white piedra.
D) herpangina.
E) rose-gardener's disease.

Question 27

Acyclovir is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat

A) smallpox.
B) anthrax.
C) acne.
D) herpes.
E) measles.

Question 28

A child complains of intensely itchy "pimples" on the hands and wrists. The lesions are small inflamed streaks, but do not appear to contain pus. The child's condition may be the result of infection with

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
B) Sporothrix schenkii.
C) Sarcoptes scabiei.
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E) Clostridium perfringens.

Question 29

A small puncture wound on a woman's arm has become swollen, hot to the touch, and intensely painful. There is tissue necrosis, but it is not "gassy," and under the microscope Gram-positive cocci in chains are present. Which of the following microbes is likely to be responsible?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Clostridium perfringens
E) Sporothrix schenckii

Question 30

Erythema infectiosum is also known as

A) roseola.
B) herpangina.
C) three-day measles.
D) rubeola.
E) fifth disease.

Question 31

Common skin warts are the result of infection with

A) poxviruses.
B) herpesviruses.
C) papillomaviruses.
D) moriliviruses.
E) coxsackieviruses.

Question 32

Ultraviolet illumination is the quickest way to diagnose infections of which of the following?

A) Malassezia furfur
B) Piedraia hortae
C) Pseudallescheria
D) Sarcoptes scabiei
E) Leishmania sp.

Question 33

A pigment produced by an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to tissue damage is

A) pyocyanin.
B) streptokinase.
C) M protein.
D) lipase.
E) hyaluronidase.

Question 34

"Ringworm" is caused by

A) dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin.
B) dermatophytes that have invaded deep layers of the skin.
C) parasitic worms that infect the skin.
D) a hypersensitivity reaction caused by superficial contact with dermatophytes.
E) immunosuppression due to HIV infection.

Question 35

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

A) measles : rubeola
B) herpes zoster : genital warts
C) German measles : rubella
D) HHV-6 : roseola
E) variola : smallpox

Question 36

Which of the following is/are anti-phagocytic?

A) protein A
B) M protein
C) leukocidin
D) both protein A and M protein
E) protein A, M protein, and leukocidin

Question 37

Which of the following can cause birth defects?

A) chickenpox
B) measles
C) roseola
D) smallpox
E) rubella

Question 38

Which of the following bacterial pathogens is an intracellular parasite?

A) Bartonella henselae
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Clostridium perfringens
D) Propionibacterium acnes
E) Bacillus anthracis

Question 39

Which of the following is becoming rarer as a result of childhood vaccinations?

A) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
B) roseola
C) warts
D) neonatal herpes
E) impetigo

Question 40

The rash described as "teardrops on rose petals" is characteristic of

A) anthrax.
B) chickenpox.
C) herpes.
D) smallpox.
E) warts.

Question 41

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is fatal in 100% of untreated cases.

Question 42

Immunization with __________ provides protection against smallpox.

Question 43

Superficial fungi produce __________, which allows them to grow on hair, nails, and the outer layers of the skin.

Question 44

Aspirin should never be given to children or adolescents with symptoms of __________ because of the risk of developing Reye's syndrome.

Question 45

The disease __________ is transmitted through the bite of infected sand flies.

Question 46

"Three-day measles" is caused by the __________ virus.

Question 47

Streptococci that secrete enzymes and toxins capable of destroying muscle and fat tissue cause a disease formally known as necrotizing __________.

Question 48

Because they are common soil saprobes, dermatophytes are fungi that are not contagious in humans.

Question 49

In pregnant women, roseola infection can result in teratogenic birth defects.

Question 50

Zoophilic __________ are transmitted by contact with animals or contaminated animal products.

Question 51

M protein is a virulence factor associated with group A streptococci.

Question 52

Chromoblastomycosis is rarely a severe disease and can be treated easily with appropriate drugs.

Question 53

Herpesvirus infections can be controlled with chemotherapeutic agents.

Question 54

A sample from an abscess is stained and examined under the microscope. A Gram stain appears uniformly pink, but a GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) stain reveals brownish filaments in the sample. These findings suggest

A) necrotizing fasciitis.
B) sporotrichosis.
C) leishmaniasis.
D) phaeohyphomycosis.
E) dermatophytosis.

Question 55

Clostridium perfringens causes necrotizing fasciitis.

Question 56

Chickenpox and __________ are caused by the same virus.

Question 57

Pityriasis' characteristic appearance is the result of a fungal infection causing changes in the production of melanin.

Question 58

Mite-killing lotions can be used to treat __________.

Question 59

Humans are the only hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii.

Question 60

Smallpox vaccination was originally discontinued in the 1980s because of adverse effects of the vaccine.

Question 61

Plantar warts occur on the __________ of feet. (Be sure your answer is plural.)

Question 62

The characteristic lesions of the mouth and pharynx associated with the coxsackie A virus are called __________.

Question 63

Describe the natural defenses of the skin that prevent many infections of this area.

Question 64

The presence of Koplik's spots is sufficient for a diagnosis of __________.

Question 65

Explain the relationship between chickenpox and shingles, paying special attention to the pathogenic processes and transmission of each of these diseases.

Question 66

Explain why Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described as a "medical puzzle."

Question 67

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common microbe associated with infections of severely __________ patients.

Question 68

The childhood disease erythema __________ produces a facial rash that can sometimes be misinterpreted as slap marks.

Question 69

Localization of lesions within a band of skin on one side of the body is a characteristic of the disease __________.

Question 70

Both necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene are diseases characterized by rapid, spreading tissue necrosis. Compare and contrast the infectious agents, the pathology and treatment.

Question 71

Explain why smallpox vaccination is still being considered and debated, even though smallpox has been eradicated.