Deck 7: Parents and Their School Age Children

Question 1

In discussing the lives of school age children, Elkind 2003) expressed concern regarding all of the following EXCEPT:

A) The over-scheduling of children's lives
B) The need to have a balanced childhood in which they go to school, do a little homework, and play childhood games after school.
C) The under-scheduling of children's lives.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The process of sharing social power during middle childhood is an important aspect of socialization that parents must develop. This is known as:

A) Synchronization.
B) Parent and child initiative.
C) Intent Participation.
D) Parent-child co-regulation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Parents play a key role in their child's development of social skills. School-age children of authoritarian parents tend to be:

A) Less socially adept.
B) Thoughtful and responsible.
C) More positive with family members.
D) Lack impulse control.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The school age children of parents who use which of the following parenting patterns are NOT likely to have social problems?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved

Question 5

School-age children of authoritative parents tend to be:

A) At risk for behavior problems in school.
B) Thoughtful and responsible.
C) Lacking in impulse control.
D) More aggressive.

Question 6

According to Erikson, during the school age years, as children attempt to master the skills valued in their particular cultures, they experience a psychosocial crisis of:

A) Trust versus distrust.
B) Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C) Initiative versus guilt.
D) Industry versus inferiority.

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of children who are liked and accepted by their peers in comparison to less popular children?

A) Positive social traits.
B) Better social problem-solving skills.
C) More constructive social behavior.
D) More aggressive.

Question 8

School age children from _____________ families are less likely to have behavior problems, including being bullies.

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Indifferent
D) Indulgent

Question 9

Children are assisted in their quest for competence when their parents:

A) Encourage them to try out new things.
B) Provide the materials and instruction needed to learn new skills
C) Pay attention to the progress their children are making in developing competence in a particular area
D) All of the above

Question 10

The ways in which parents assist their children in resolving the industry versus inferiority crisis in a positive manner is by:

A) Providing experiences that promote the development of their children's skills and competencies.
B) Allowing children to acquire competencies without parental assistance.
C) Closely monitoring their children.
D) Providing detailed instructions of what to do

Question 11

Which of the following describes school-age children of authoritarian parents?

A) They are at lower risk for behavior problems.
B) They are more at risk for behavior problems.
C) They are high achievers.
D) They are likely to have close relationships with their parents.

Question 12

Children's involvement in sports has been shown to be related to _____________.

A) Elevated self-confidence.
B) Lower levels of academic performance.
C) Less involvement with school.
D) Increased probability of engaging in risky behavior.

Question 13

For school age children, unstructured play allows them to do which of the following?

A) Become skilled in a particular sport.
B) Follow their interests and express their personalities.
C) Engage in adult-supervised music experiences.
D) Be involved in adult-supervised sports.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended ways for parents to help school age children in selecting activities?

A) Examine alternatives carefully.
B) Consider the time commitment and competitive aspects of those activities.
C) Consider the characteristics of participating adults and children.
D) Assess the child's probability of being a leader in the activity.

Question 15

School-age children of permissive parents tend to be:

A) More socially adept.
B) Immature.
C) More positive with family members.
D) More socially skilled.

Question 16

The encouragement of children's participation in decision-making by ___________ parents provides children the experience needed to engage in thoughtful and responsible behaviors when interacting with their peers.

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Indulgent

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding peer relationships during middle childhood?

A) Peer relationships become important.
B) Conformity to peers gradually decreases.
C) Acceptance into the peer group is not of paramount interest.
D) All of the above

Question 18

School age bullies are at greater risk of:

A) Becoming victims of adult bullies when they grow-up
B) Become involved in delinquency, crime, and alcohol abuse as teenagers.
C) Experiencing anxiety, depression, and loneliness.
D) Withdrawing in social situations.

Question 19

Which of the following describes parenting behaviors when families live in communities where there are frequent incidents of crime?

A) Parental social support is heightened
B) Parental social support is strained and lessened.
C) Parental social support is more co-regulated.
D) Parents rely less on physical punishment

Question 20

According to Erikson, based on their level of success in mastering the skills valued by their parents and other significant adults, school age children judge themselves as:

A) Competent or incompetent.
B) Attractive or unattractive.
C) Popular or unpopular.
D) Athletic or uncoordinated.

Question 21

Ten year old Jose' has been working on a jigsaw puzzle for 45 minutes and all of his efforts seem to be failing. When his mother notices his frustration, how might she help him using Vygotsky's concept of guided participation?

A) I can see that this puzzle is hard to figure out. Let's put this one away and look for an easier puzzle for you to work on.
B) Let's see if we can find the puzzle pieces that matches this corner of the picture. What colors do you think match this area?

Question 22

The incidence of obesity is a growing crisis for children in the United States. Which of the following is NOT true of the link between childhood overweight or obesity and food intake?

A) Children who are overweight or obese eat fewer high-fat vegetables such as French fries than do children without weight problems
B) Children who are overweight or obese are more susceptible for orthopedic and respiratory problems as well as Type II Diabetes.
C) The diets of children who are overweight or obese are less nutritious due to their greater reliance on soft drinks as a source of energy.
D) Increasing physical exercise and limiting the consumption of soft drinks are effective approaches in reducing the risk of overweight or obesity in children.

Question 23

When children physically bully other children, they

A) Hit, kick, push, and/or take personal belongings
B) Use name calling and threats
C) Exclude them or gossip about them
D) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is associated with childhood overweight and obesity?

A) Excess fat is the result of an imbalance of energy intake food) and energy output physical activity).
B) Low levels of physical activity.
C) Family stressors
D) All of the above.

Question 25

For school-age children, expertise in many areas of motor skill development depends not so much on gender as on _____________.

A) Motivation
B) Guidance
C) Many hours of practice
D) All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true of school-age children's safety?

A) Worldwide, despite several decades of concerted efforts, unintentional injuries remain a significant health problem for children.
B) The WHO intervention model focuses on individual responsibility to insure that the entire community is involved in safety promotion.
C) The effectiveness of the WHO Model of Prevention points out the value of parental involvement in community safety programs for children.
D) Unintentional injury of school-age children is not a significant health problem today.

Question 27

Which of the following is not true regarding childhood overweight and obesity?

A) It has become a major health problem in the United States.
B) It has become a major health problem in Taiwan.
C) It has become a major health problem in Japan.
D) Both television watching and fast food consumption contribute to overweight and obesity in children.

Question 28

A main contributor to childhood overweight and obesity is _____________.

A) Eating nutritious food.
B) Genetics.
C) Drinking too many soft drinks.
D) Peer relationships.

Question 29

It has been suggested that treatment programs for children who are overweight should be based on which of the following three aspects of family context?

A) Parenting style, family stress, and family structure
B) Parenting style, family stress, and family emotional climate.
C) Parental work schedules, family stress, and family structure
D) Parental substance use, family stress, and family structure

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true of a Piagetian perspective of school age children's cognitive development?

A) In comparison to preschoolers, who make judgments based on intuitive thinking, and are easily fooled by appearances, school age children are logical thinkers.
B) The logical thinking of school age children emerges as egocentrism decreases, allowing children to de-center their attention.
C) A main advance in school age children's thinking involves the ability to conserve volume and mass which comes about as they develop the concepts of compensation and reversibility.
D) School age children are not yet able to understand metaphors and multiple meanings of words.

Question 31

In many countries of the world, most variation in children's height and weight is due to differences in the:

A) Availability of nutritious food.
B) Amount of physical activity they in which they are engaged.
C) Natural environment in which they live.
D) Availability of physical education classes.

Question 32

To prevent obesity in their children and to respond to the needs of their children who are already overweight, parents:

A) Should monitor the amount of time their children spend watching television.
B) Should be certain that their children are engaged in physical activities.
C) Should model healthy eating habits
D) All of the above.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true of the effects of school age children's nutrition?

A) The level of nutrition that children receive affects their social and emotional development.
B) Malnourished children engage less in physical activity.
C) Children who receive more nutrition show more anxiety in comparison to children who receive less adequate nutrition.
D) All of the above

Question 34

Which kind of bullying occurs when children use name calling or threats?

A) Psychological
B) Sociological
C) Verbal
D) Physical

Question 35

Which of the following describes the cognitive ability of school age children?

A) They are more egocentric than are younger children.
B) They are logical thinkers.
C) They are unable to understand metaphors.
D) They are able to use abstract reasoning

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true of childhood overweight and obesity?

A) It is related to family stressors
B) It is related to food insecurity
C) Children who are overweight tend to be more impulsive than children who are not overweight
D) Genetic rather than social factors are associated with the rise in numbers of children affected by obesity in the United States.

Question 37

Children who are overweight are more susceptible all of the following diseases EXCEPT.

A) Anemia
B) Orthopedic problems
C) Respiratory problems
D) Type II diabetes.

Question 38

Childhood overweight or obesity is related to all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) An imbalance of energy intake food) and energy output physical activity).
B) Declining physical activity among American children.
C) Parental attitudes towards food.
D) Parental practice of limiting sugary drinks and paying attention to food labels.

Question 39

Which kind of bullying occurs when children exclude other children or gossip about them?

A) Psychological
B) Sociological
C) Verbal
D) Physical

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true regarding cyberbullying?

A) Cyberbullying is less serious than traditional bullying because of the associated anonymity.
B) Much of the bullying that takes place on the Internet occurs within the context of children's social groups and relationships
C) Cyberbullies and their victims generally do not tell anyone
D) The use of the Internet for bullying is increasing

Question 41

Research has shown that poverty affects the overall academic achievement of school age children. The New Hope Project demonstrated that

A) Factors that contribute to poverty do not impact a child's academic performance
B) When parental employment and income increased, academic achievement for school-age children also increased.
C) Malnutrition in the preschool years cannot be overcome.
D) Family income does not play a significant role in childhood academic achievement and social behavior.

Question 42

For school-age children, parent-child coregulation has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT.

A) Early behavior adjustment
B) Children's social relationships with parents, siblings, and friends
C) Better sports performance
D) Fewer behavior problems

Question 43

School-age children who were born when their mothers were adolescents have lower academic achievement in comparison to those born when their parents were older. These differences are attributed to all of the following explanations EXCEPT:

A) Young mothers' lack of maturity
B) Young mothers' fewer life experiences,
C) Young mothers' living with their own parents
D) Young mothers' less effective parenting skills.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 44

Which of the following reasons explain why parents of low socioeconomic levels are less likely to arrange out-of-school activities for their children?

A) Fewer opportunities for community involvement
B) Problems ensuring their children's safety to and from community activities
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of television and other media on parents and children's lives?

A) It increases the time parents and children spend interacting.
B) It cuts into the time parents and children spend interacting.
C) It reduces the amount of time children spend in imaginative and social play.
D) Time spent watching violent content on television and/or playing video games with violent content has been associated with lower academic achievement

Question 46

Researchers have repeatedly demonstrated positive correlations between the ________________ parenting pattern and children's school achievement.

Question 47

When well meaning parents overbook their children's activities, those children have less time for _____________ play, and less time for meaningful family activities.

Question 48

_______________ is the repeated aggression in which one or more children harm or disturb another child physically, verbally, or psychologically.

Question 49

Drawing on Vygotsky's theory, the concept of _____________ describes the supportive strategies parents use to guide their children in solving cognitive tasks.

Question 50

Which one of the following is NOT true of children's school achievement?

A) Positive parental beliefs and attributions emphasizing children's abilities support children's positive self-perceptions.
B) Children who have permissive parents have higher levels of academic achievement.
C) When parents attribute success to ability, children have higher levels of academic achievement.
D) When parents have ineffective childrearing patterns and/or do not show a belief in their children's abilities, those children do not develop a positive assessment of their abilities.

Question 51

Children are prepared for a greater sharing of social power during middle childhood due to their advances in cognitive development. Thus, parent-child ___________becomes a predominant aspect of appropriate child socialization during this developmental stage.

Question 52

_____________ between parents and their school age children have been associated with children's early behavior adjustment, social relationships with parents, siblings, and friends, and fewer behavior problems.

Question 53

The discipline, self-direction and sense of competence that come from working on a hobby or playing sports contribute to the school-aged child's developmental need for a sense of ________.

Question 54

Which of the following factors has been associated with lower levels of academic achievement of children in U.S. Latino children, especially children of migrant workers and undocumented workers?

A) Language barriers
B) Acculturation
C) Ethnic identity
D) All of the above

Question 55

Parents of school aged children need to avoid the _________________ trap of over scheduling their children's activities.

Question 56

Though authoritarian and permissive parenting styles have been associated with lower levels of childhood academic achievement, it has been found that across all parenting styles:

A) Parents who believe their children are capable of achievement are more likely to have children who are academically successful.
B) Parents who are realistic about their child's abilities are better able to support them when they fail.
C) Parents who are realistic about their child's abilities are able to predict their child's academic success or failure.
D) Parents use authoritative parenting styles when helping them with homework.

Question 57

Higher mathematics scores among school age children have been associated with parents attributing their children's academic success to _________ .

Question 58

Although parents everywhere are concerned about their child's safety, keeping children safe in unsafe communities requires heightened parental ___________ .

Question 59

Steinbeck 2001) emphasized that excess fat in children is the result of an imbalance of ___________food) and _________ physical exercise).

Question 60

The ___________ acquired during the preschool years provides the foundation for parent-child co-regulation during middle childhood.

Question 61

Describe a situation in which a parent uses scaffolding to teach her daughter a new skill.

Question 62

How do parents influence the development of industry vs inferiority in their school-age children?

Question 63

Research evidence has shown that shy children who participate in sports over time show a significant decrease in ___________.

Question 64

What is the role of parents in promoting their school-age children's academic achievement? What specific steps might parents take to help their children achieve in school?

Question 65

What are the societal factors that are associated with parents rearing their children in unsafe neighborhoods.

Question 66

How do parents' behaviors influence school-age children's overweight problems? Also, what steps might parents take to ensure that their children maintain a healthy weight?

Question 67

Childhood anemia, resulting from ________deficiency, is common among school-age children in many developing countries.

Question 68

It has been found that ____________and store accessibility are 2 major determinants of low-income mothers' food-shopping behaviors.

Question 69

The prevalence of rickets among children has been linked with crowded housing, isolated housing, and malnutrition as well as a lack of awareness regarding the benefits of _________.

Question 70

According to students themselves, cyberbullying is more serious than traditional bullying because of the associated ____________.

Question 71

A school-age child's ability to think ____________ allows them to take into account multiple aspects of a situation and not be fooled by appearances.

Question 72

What are the guidelines that a parent should use when choosing appropriate extracurricular activities for children?

Question 73

Lower levels of academic achievement of children in U.S. Latino children, especially children of migrant workers and undocumented workers have been associated with language barriers, ethnic identity, and _______________.

Question 74

In what ways are children's home environments associated with whether they will become childhood victims or bullies?

Question 75

What coordinated efforts by parents, children, and a concerned community could reduce serious injury and possible deaths of children?

Question 76

It is important not only that school-age children eat breakfast but also that breakfast consists of important micronutrients because nutritious breakfasts have a positive influence on children's __________.

Question 77

Children living in poverty are at high risk for ____ ______, which refers to the state of, or risk of, being unable to provide food to oneself or one's family.

Question 78

What factors are contributing to the increasing occurrence of overweight and obesity in school-age children?

Question 79

What steps can parents take to assist their school-age children in their quest for competence?

Question 80

The concept of________ _________ refers to an area with limited access to retail food stores, which often is characterized by higher levels of poverty and food insecurity.