Deck 27: Intrarenal Disorders

Question 1

Polycystic kidney disease is

A) always rapidly fatal.
B) due to a streptococcal infection.
C) associated with supernumerary kidney.
D) genetically transmitted.

Answer 1

genetically transmitted.

Question 2

The adult form of polycystic kidney disease is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following is not usually associated with nephrosis?

A) Hyperlipidemia
B) Proteinuria
C) Hematuria
D) Generalized edema

Answer 3

Hematuria

Question 4

Uric acid stones are radiopaque and therefore detectable by x-ray imaging.

Question 5

The presence of red blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of glomerulonephritis.

Question 6

Colicky, spasmodic pains in the flank area are likely to occur with ureteral irritation.

Question 7

Which of the following signs is consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?

A) Pyuria
B) Proteinuria
C) White blood cell casts in the urine
D) Foul-smelling urine

Question 8

Unilateral renal agenesis is not compatible with life.

Question 9

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is

A) Streptococcus.
B) Escherichia coli.
C) Klebsiella.
D) Enterobacter.

Question 10

Wilms tumor is a renal cancer that primarily affects children.

Question 11

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

A) nephritic.
B) nephralgia.
C) nephrotic.
D) nephronitis.

Question 12

The nerves that carry pain sensations from the kidney enter the cord at T10 to L1.

Question 13

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that commonly follows group A Streptococcus pharyngitis.

Question 14

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically have

A) fever.
B) oliguria.
C) edema.
D) hypertension.

Question 15

The presence of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of pyelonephritis.

Question 16

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

A) calcium oxalate.
B) struvite.
C) cysteine.
D) uric acid crystals.

Question 17

Which of the following findings should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer?

A) Bacteria and protein in the urine
B) Intermittent urinary colic
C) Painless hematuria
D) Red blood cell casts in the urine

Question 18

Z.C. is a 49-year-old man with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). His kidneys are enlarged with multiple urine-filled cystic lesions. Z.C. is currently in a stage of renal insufficiency with a GFR of about 20% of normal. He suffers from recurrent urinary tract infections and chronic anemia. In counseling Z.C. about the risk of transmitting the disorder to his offspring, which of the following statements would be correct?

A) Each offspring has a 50% chance of developing the disease.
B) Each offspring has a 25% chance of developing the disease.
C) Each offspring has a 50% chance of being a carrier.
D) Only boys are affected, whereas girls are carriers.

Question 19

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

A) renal ischemia.
B) bacterial invasion of the glomerulus.
C) an anaphylactic reaction.
D) an immune complex reaction.

Question 20

Most renal calculi are composed of calcium crystals.

Question 21

Match the following disease processes with their clinical manifestations below (answers may be used more than once).
Proteinuria

A)Nephrotic syndrome
B)Uremic syndrome

Question 22

Match the following disease processes with their clinical manifestations below (answers may be used more than once).
Oliguria

A)Nephrotic syndrome
B)Uremic syndrome

Question 23

Match the following disease processes with their clinical manifestations below (answers may be used more than once).
Hyperlipidemia

A)Nephrotic syndrome
B)Uremic syndrome

Question 24

Match the following disease processes with their clinical manifestations below (answers may be used more than once).
Azotemia

A)Nephrotic syndrome
B)Uremic syndrome