Deck 26: Renal Function

Question 1

Renin is released from

A) the posterior pituitary gland.
B) the liver.
C) juxtaglomerular cells.
D) macula densa cells.

Answer 1

juxtaglomerular cells.

Question 2

Atrial natriuretic peptide increases urine output.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Approximately 90% of the fluid volume filtered into the Bowman capsule is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The principal selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells.

Question 5

Which of the following findings on urinalysis should prompt further evaluation?

A) pH 4.5
B) Red blood cells 2 per high-power field
C) Specific gravity of 1.015
D) Nitrites

Question 6

The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule

A) has no transport maximum.
B) does not depend on sodium reabsorption.
C) is ATP dependent.
D) may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads.

Question 7

The normal GFR for a young adult is about 125 ml/min.

Question 8

Antidiuretic hormone enhances the passive reabsorption of water from the collecting tubules.

Question 9

The primary function of the vasa recta is to

A) secrete renin.
B) reabsorb NaCl.
C) reabsorb interstitial water.
D) secrete urea.

Question 10

Constriction of the afferent arteriole increases GFR.

Question 11

Constriction of the efferent arteriole decreases GFR.

Question 12

A total of 70% to 80% of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed by the

A) loop of Henle.
B) collecting tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) proximal tubule.

Question 13

A patient with a serum glucose of 150 mg/dl and a GFR of 50 ml/min would have a tubular glucose load equal to _____ mg/min.

A) 75
B) 150
C) 750
D) 7500

Question 14

Which of the following conditions would result in increased GFR?

A) Decreased efferent arteriole constriction
B) Increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman space
C) Increased glomerular oncotic pressure
D) Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is associated with an increase in hypotonic fluid reabsorption from the tubular fluid?

A) Aldosterone
B) Atrial natriuretic peptide
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Urodilatin

Question 16

If normal GFR is maintained but tubular reabsorption is completely blocked, how long does it take to lose 5 L of fluid?

A) 10 minutes
B) 40 minutes
C) 4 hours
D) 6 hours

Question 17

The transport maximum for glucose in normal kidneys is about 150 mg/min.

Question 18

The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the

A) glomerular basement membrane.
B) endothelial tight junctions.
C) epithelial fenestra.
D) mesangial cells.

Question 19

Filtered bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) is converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂) before it is reabsorbed across the kidney tubular epithelium.

Question 20

The macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule regulates the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by monitoring the tubular Na⁺ concentration.