Deck 12: Hiv Disease and Aids

Question 1

The presence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an HIV-positive patient indicates AIDS.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A patient receiving zidovudine and a protease inhibitor to manage HIV infection is found to have an undetectable viral load. This means that the

A) dosage of both agents should be reduced.
B) zidovudine can be discontinued.
C) therapy is effective.
D) HIV virus has been eliminated.

Answer 2

therapy is effective.

Question 3

The HIV virus is susceptible to killing by application of a 10% bleach solution.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

HIV has a tendency to mutate during replication.

Question 5

Protease inhibitors work by blocking HIV virions from entering cells.

Question 6

HIV attaches to T helper cells by binding to the CD8 protein on its surface.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about HIV testing is correct?

A) Any patient can be tested for HIV without consent.
B) A negative HIV test ensures absence of infection.
C) The false-positive rate for HIV testing is zero.
D) HIV testing should be avoided in persons with no risk factors and no symptoms.

Question 8

The immune system disorder associated with HIV is

A) an overactive B-cell system.
B) proliferation of immature WBCs (blasts).
C) deficiency of T helper lymphocytes.
D) cancerous growth of lymph tissue.

Question 9

The HIV viral protein gp120 is necessary for the virus to gain entry into T cells.

Question 10

The HIV virus is transmissible to others through casual contact.

Question 11

Macrophages and T helper cells are the primary host cells for HIV.

Question 12

HIV infection of T helper cells is facilitated by attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to

A) CD8 proteins on suppressor cells.
B) reverse transcriptase.
C) CD4 proteins on helper cells.
D) the macrophage lipid bilayer.

Question 13

As of 2006, _____ individuals worldwide have been infected with HIV infection.

A) 100,000
B) 1 million
C) slightly less than 10 million
D) nearly 40 million

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes the etiologic development and transmission of AIDS?

A) AIDS is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted through body fluids.
B) The mechanism of AIDS transmission is unknown; therefore AIDS is considered to be highly contagious.
C) AIDS is an autoimmune disease triggered by a homosexual lifestyle.
D) AIDS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted only by sexual contact.

Question 15

Which of the following HIV-positive patients should be given a diagnosis of AIDS?

A) One who has a CD4 count of 300/µl
B) One who has neuropathy
C) One who has tuberculosis
D) One who has genital herpes

Question 16

R.V. is a 28-year-old HIV-positive man recently hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness, dyspnea, weight loss, and low-grade fever. A biopsy of R.V.'s lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This diagnosis means that R.V.

A) has AIDS.
B) has less than 2 years to live.
C) cannot be treated.
D) was an intravenous drug abuser.

Question 17

As a retrovirus, HIV directs the transcription of DNA from an RNA template.

Question 18

The primary reason that an effective HIV vaccine is difficult to produce is that

A) HIV is not immunogenic.
B) B cells are unable to produce antibodies against HIV.
C) HIV mutates frequently.
D) reverse transcriptase cleaves the vaccine.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a group of drugs used for the management of HIV?

A) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B) DNA polymerase inhibitors
C) Protease inhibitors
D) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 20

An HIV-positive patient with a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200/µl has AIDS.

Question 21

HIV infection causes immunodeficiency because it

A) directly inhibits antibody production by B cells.
B) causes the destruction of T helper cells.
C) causes excessive production of cytotoxic T cells.
D) blocks the ability of macrophages to present antigens.

Question 22

Match each of the following mechanisms of action with the drugs below (letters may be used more than once).
Nelfinavir (Viracept)

A)Protease inhibitor
B)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Anonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Fusion inhibitor

Question 23

The clinical latency period after HIV infection is a time when no

A) viral replication occurs.
B) decline in CD4 lymphocytes occurs.
C) virus is detectable in the blood.
D) significant symptoms of immunodeficiency occur.

Question 24

Match each of the following mechanisms of action with the drugs below (letters may be used more than once).
Saquinavir (Invirase)

A)Protease inhibitor
B)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Anonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Fusion inhibitor

Question 25

Which of the following modes of transmission does not occur with HIV infection?

A) Sexual transmission
B) Parenteral transmission
C) Fomite transmission to intact skin
D) Perinatal transmission to fetus

Question 26

Opportunistic infections are a hallmark of AIDS. All of the following infections would be considered opportunistic except

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) cytomegalovirus.
C) Candida albicans.
D) Pneumocystis carinii.

Question 27

Match each of the following mechanisms of action with the drugs below (letters may be used more than once).
Nevirapine (Viramune)

A)Protease inhibitor
B)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Anonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Fusion inhibitor

Question 28

Which type of HIV virus causes most infections in the United States and Europe?

A) HIV type 1
B) HIV type 2
C) HIV type A
D) HIV type B

Question 29

Match each of the following mechanisms of action with the drugs below (letters may be used more than once).
Lamivudine (3TC)

A)Protease inhibitor
B)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Anonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Fusion inhibitor

Question 30

Match each of the following mechanisms of action with the drugs below (letters may be used more than once).
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon, ENF)

A)Protease inhibitor
B)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Anonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Fusion inhibitor

Question 31

Match each of the following mechanisms of action with the drugs below (letters may be used more than once).
Aidovudine (AZT)

A)Protease inhibitor
B)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Anonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Fusion inhibitor