Deck 5: Molecular Genetics and Tissue Differentiation

Question 1

Gene replication is carried out by enzyme complexes called

A) telomerases.
B) spliceosomes.
C) RNA polymerases.
D) DNA polymerases.

Answer 1

DNA polymerases.

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of the human DNA chromosomes contain coding segments?

A) 2%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Answer 2

2%

Question 3

Cell division resulting in 23 chromosomes occurs with

A) transformation.
B) mitosis.
C) chromosome lag.
D) meiosis.

Answer 3

meiosis.

Question 4

The most important mechanism for regulating the rate of protein production is

A) transcriptional control.
B) translational control.
C) posttranslational degradation.
D) none of the above.

Question 5

Amino acids are attached to carrier RNA molecules in the cytoplasm called _____ RNA.

A) cytoplasmic
B) ribosomal
C) carrier
D) transfer

Question 6

The DNA sequences of homologous chromosomes are identical.

Question 7

There are 20 different amino acids in proteins.

Question 8

Absence of the Y chromosome results in a female phenotype.

Question 9

Which of the following muscle cell types is unusual because it is derived from embryonic ectoderm?

A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Myoepithelium
D) Smooth muscle

Question 10

A codon is a series of four nucleotides that code for an amino acid.

Question 11

Differentiated cell types have specialized structure and function because they

A) obtain different genes during development.
B) express a subset of genes.
C) undergo mutations over time.
D) eliminate some genes from the nucleus.

Question 12

Binding of nucleotides in DNA always pairs A with T and C with G.

Question 13

Characteristics of DNA replication include all of the following except

A) replication proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction only.
B) a newly formed DNA double helix contains one old template strand and one newly synthesized strand.
C) the fidelity of replication is one error in 10,000 base pairs.
D) one strand is replicated as a continuous polymer, while the other is synthesized in short sections.

Question 14

The term allele refers to a gene mutation.

Question 15

The segments of DNA removed from a transcript to form mRNA are called introns.

Question 16

The human genome contains 46 chromosomes.

Question 17

Which of the following tissue types is categorized as epithelial?

A) Tendons and ligaments
B) Blood cells
C) Blood vessel endothelium
D) Fibroblasts

Question 18

The nucleotide bases that make up DNA are C, G, T, and U.

Question 19

Which of the following tissues contains no stem cells and is therefore incapable of replacing lost cells?

A) Skeletal muscle
B) Brain tissue
C) Cardiac muscle
D) None of the above

Question 20

There are 64 different codons in the human genome.

Question 21

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Process that synthesizes a protein from mRNA

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 22

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Process of producing new chromosomes during mitosis

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 23

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Structure in nucleus where ribosomes are assembled

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 24

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that binds to mRNA

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 25

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Portion of RNA transcript that is removed during splicing

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 26

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Portions of chromosomes that are tightly packaged and are not transcribed

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 27

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Carries amino acids in the cytoplasm

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 28

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Nucleotides that have a single-ring structure

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 29

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Complementary copy of DNA that contains uracil and not thymine

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome

Question 30

Match the following terms with the descriptions below (letters may be used once or not at all).
Process of formation of mRNA

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)mRNA
E)tRNA
F)Purines
G)Pyrimidines
H)Anticodon
I)Codon
J)Introns
K)Exons
L)Heterochromatin
M)Integrin
N)Ribosome
O)Nucleolus
P)Spliceosome