Question 1

Articular cartilage is avascular and&#10;A) incapable of regeneration.&#10;B) nonliving.&#10;C) nourished by synovial fluid.&#10;D) rarely damaged.

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage is avascular, meaning it has no blood vessels to bring nutrients and oxygen. However, it is still able to receive nutrients through diffusion from the synovial fluid that surrounds it. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because articular cartilage is not incapable of regeneration, it is living tissue, and it can be damaged due to wear and tear or injury.

Question 2

Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a(n)&#10;A) more forceful contraction when stimulated.&#10;B) inefficient use of ATP.&#10;C) more rapid onset of muscle fatigue.&#10;D) reduced force of contraction.

Accepted Answer

Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a more forceful contraction when stimulated.Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest is not an inefficient use of ATP.Fatigue results when ATP is depleted faster than it can be replaced.Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a more forceful contraction,not a weaker contraction,when stimulated.

Question 3

Ligaments connect bones to bones, whereas tendons connect muscles to bones.

Accepted Answer

Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability to joints. Tendons, on the other hand, are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement of the limbs and body.

Question 4

When a muscle lengthens while it is contracting, the contraction is called isometric.

Accepted Answer

When a muscle lengthens while it is contracting, the contraction is called eccentric, not isometric. Isometric contraction occurs when the muscle is contracting but its length remains constant.

Question 5

Creatine phosphate is a(n)&#10;A) enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP for energy.&#10;B) storage form of muscle energy.&#10;C) waste product of muscle metabolism.&#10;D) toxin that produces muscle fatigue.

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate is a molecule stored in muscle cells that can be quickly converted into ATP, the primary source of energy for muscle contractions. Therefore, it serves as a storage form of muscle energy.

Question 6

Osteoclast activity leads to&#10;A) hardening of the bones.&#10;B) resorption of bone.&#10;C) deposition of bone.&#10;D) arthritis.

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for breaking down and resorbing bone tissue, leading to bone remodeling and turnover.

Question 7

Osteoblastic activity is greatest&#10;A) in areas of increased mechanical stress.&#10;B) during menopause.&#10;C) with vitamin D deficiency.&#10;D) with disuse due to immobility.

Accepted Answer

Osteoblastic activity is greatest in areas of increased mechanical stress because the bones have to remodel and become stronger to accommodate the stress being placed on them. This is known as Wolff's Law, which states that bone density and strength increase as it is subjected to mechanical stress.

Question 8

The epiphyseal plate is the site of linear bone growth in children.

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is located at the end of long bones in children and is responsible for longitudinal bone growth through the process of ossification. As children mature, the growth plates eventually close and the bones stop growing longer.

Question 9

Diarthroses are joints that&#10;A) hold the skull bones together.&#10;B) allow little or no joint movement.&#10;C) contain synovial fluid.&#10;D) are dysfunctional.

Accepted Answer

Diarthroses are also known as synovial joints, which means they contain synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and allows for a wide range of movement. Therefore, the only correct option is C.

Question 10

Articular cartilage has no vascular blood supply.

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage is avascular, meaning it does not have a direct blood supply. Nutrients, oxygen, and waste products are exchanged through diffusion with the synovial fluid present in the joint cavity.

Question 11

Troponin is a muscle protein that&#10;A) binds the myosin protein to form cross-bridges.&#10;B) forms the noncontractile Z lines.&#10;C) binds calcium and regulates tropomyosin.&#10;D) hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for contraction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Troponin is a muscle protein that&#10;A) binds...

Question 12

The primary determinant of tendon strength is&#10;A) collagen cross-linking.&#10;B) actin-myosin cross-bridging.&#10;C) elastin composition.&#10;D) calcium balance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary determinant of tendon strength is&#10;A)...

Question 13

A concentric contraction results in&#10;A) muscle shortening.&#10;B) no change in muscle length.&#10;C) muscle lengthening.&#10;D) muscle damage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A concentric contraction results in&#10;A) muscle shortening.&#10;B)...

Question 14

Synovial joints allow little or no joint movement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Synovial joints allow little or no joint...

Question 15

The neurotransmitter released from the $\alpha$-motor neuron at the motor end-plate is&#10;A) norepinephrine.&#10;B) epinephrine.&#10;C) serotonin.&#10;D) acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neurotransmitter released from the $\alpha$-motor neuron...

Deck 50: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System