Deck 45: Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Question 1

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease because they

A) increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia.
B) induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia.
C) prevent progression of the disease.
D) produce excitation of basal ganglia structures.

Answer 1

increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia.

Question 2

Autonomic dysreflexia usually does not occur in patients with spinal cord injuries below T10.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

A) a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary.
B) biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive.
C) other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
D) increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture.

Answer 3

other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.

Question 4

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 5

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis because

A) viral damage can be inhibited.
B) demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.
C) steroids reverse the progression of the disease.
D) steroids inhibit synaptic degradation of neurotransmitters.

Question 6

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

A) neurons are unable to transport glucose.
B) cardiovascular regulation is impaired.
C) the brainstem is depressed.
D) the metabolic rate of the brain is extremely high.

Question 7

A patient who experiences petite mal or absence seizures has a generalized seizure type.

Question 8

A patient with rest tremor, poor balance, and difficulty initiating movements probably has a cerebellar disorder.

Question 9

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

A) Slower rate of action potential conduction
B) Increased rate of action potential conduction
C) Facilitation of action potential initiation
D) Faster rate of repolarization

Question 10

The motor dysfunction that accompanies cerebral palsy appears in childhood and progressively worsens with age.

Question 11

Which of the following diagnoses is most likely in a patient who experiences progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass in the upper extremities?

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Parkinson disease
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 12

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by

A) reflex urination and defecation.
B) autonomic dysreflexia.
C) absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury.
D) motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury.

Question 13

Parkinson disease is associated with

A) demyelination of CNS neurons.
B) a pyramidal nerve tract lesion.
C) insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia.
D) a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

Question 14

Drugs that block dopamine receptors can produce Parkinson disease symptoms.

Question 15

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

A) intention tremor and akinesia.
B) rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.
C) ataxia and intention tremor.
D) skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor.

Question 16

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

A) hypertension and bradycardia.
B) hypotension and shock.
C) pallor and vasoconstriction above the level of injury.
D) extreme pain below the level of injury.

Question 17

Bell palsy is a

A) permanent facial paralysis after stroke.
B) painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve.
C) paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve.
D) herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome.

Question 18

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

A) partial.
B) complex.
C) focal.
D) generalized.

Question 19

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including

A) deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
B) degeneration of basal ganglia.
C) hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons.
D) significant aluminum deposits in the brain.

Question 20

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.