Deck 43: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Question 1

There are 33 pairs of spinal nerves and 14 pairs of cranial nerves in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following is not a function of neuroglia?

A) Generation of action potential
B) Modulation of ionic composition of extracellular fluid in the brain
C) Production of CSF
D) Phagocytosis of wastes within the CNS

Answer 2

Generation of action potential

Question 3

Opening of potassium ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter in response to depolarization of the presynaptic nerve membrane is mediated by

A) neurotransmitter binding to presynaptic carrier proteins.
B) potassium influx through voltage-gated channels.
C) sodium-potassium ATPase.
D) calcium influx through voltage-gated channels.

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered to be part of the meninges?

A) Dura mater
B) Pia mater
C) Choroid
D) Arachnoid

Question 6

Activation of touch receptors on the left side of the body is transmitted primarily to the _____ cortex.

A) right somatosensory
B) occipital
C) left temporal
D) right motor

Question 7

The resting membrane potential in nerve and skeletal muscle is determined primarily by

A) extracellular sodium ion concentration.
B) the ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium ion.
C) activation of voltage-gated sodium channels.
D) activity of energy-dependent membrane ion pumps.

Question 8

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in the subdural space.

Question 9

One component of the peripheral nervous system is the

A) cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem.
C) spinal cord.
D) spinal nerve.

Question 10

Cranial nerve X (vagus) has a role in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.

Question 11

Axonal myelination generally increases the

A) metabolic needs of the neuron.
B) flow of ions across the neuronal membrane.
C) sodium permeability.
D) speed of action potential conduction.

Question 12

Acetylcholine is cleared from the synapse by

A) passive reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron.
B) active reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron.
C) passive diffusion into the postsynaptic membrane.
D) degradation by acetylcholinesterase.

Question 13

Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are ligand-gated ion channels.

Question 14

A common inhibitory central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitter is

A) acetylcholine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) . $\gamma$ -aminobutyric acid (GABA).
D) glutamate.

Question 15

Binding of neurotransmitter to receptors on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane results in

A) a change in ion conductance through the membrane.
B) the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels.
C) an action potential.
D) hyperpolarization.

Question 16

Neurotransmitter binding to neuronal receptors occurs primarily at the

A) dendrite and cell body.
B) nucleus.
C) axon hillock.
D) axon terminal.

Question 17

Interruption of neuronal transmission in the lateral half of the spinal cord would result in loss of _____ below the level of injury.

A) ipsilateral pain
B) ipsilateral touch
C) contralateral touch
D) bilateral motor control

Question 18

In contrast to other cell types, nerve and muscle cells are able to conduct action potentials because they

A) are polarized.
B) are permeable to potassium at rest.
C) have voltage-gated ion channels.
D) are impermeable to sodium at rest.

Question 19

Occlusion of which of the following arteries would interrupt blood flow to the brain?

A) Distal aortic artery
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Vertebral artery
D) Left anterior descending artery

Question 20

The entire human nervous system develops from the

A) brainstem.
B) neural ectoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) telencephalon.

Question 21

The language center in most individuals is located

A) in the frontal lobe.
B) at the junction of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes in the left hemisphere.
C) in the right hemisphere near the primary sensory and motor cortex.
D) in the hippocampal and limbic area.

Question 22

Voluntary fine-motor movements are produced by activation of the

A) dorsal horn-lemniscal tract.
B) lateral corticospinal tract.
C) spinothalamic tract.
D) medial brainstem tracts.

Question 23

A patient who is experiencing swings in blood pressure and heart rate during sleep is most likely in the stage of _____ sleep.

A) deep
B) REM
C) alpha wave
D) delta wave

Question 24

Which of the following statements about N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is false?

A) NMDA receptors are activated by glutamate.
B) NMDA receptors are ligand-gated calcium ion channels.
C) NMDA receptors open only when the membrane has been previously depolarized.
D) NMDA receptor blockade is associated with enhanced memory.

Question 25

Memories are stored in the nervous system by

A) specific neurons in the cortex.
B) rearrangement of synaptic contacts.
C) selective apoptosis of neurons.
D) changes in synaptic efficiency.