Question 1

Anabolism is the metabolic process of breaking down molecules to produce energy.

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is actually the opposite of this statement - it is the metabolic process of building up molecules, often requiring energy input. The process of breaking down molecules to produce energy is catabolism.

Question 2

The process of metabolizing proteins to provide energy is called&#10;A) glycogenolysis.&#10;B) glycolysis.&#10;C) gluconeogenesis.&#10;D) proteolysis.

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources.Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose.Glycolysis is the metabolic sequence that converts glucose to pyruvate.The process of metabolizing proteins to provide energy is not known as proteolysis.

Question 3

A patient with a fever of 3°F above normal would be expected to have increased energy expenditure of A) 3%. B) 15%. C) 21%. D) 50%.

Accepted Answer

Increased energy expenditure is approximately 7% for each degree Fahrenheit above normal.

Question 4

The metabolic response to physiologic stress is characterized by&#10;A) loss of somatic protein.&#10;B) preservation of visceral protein.&#10;C) body weight less than 80% of ideal.&#10;D) stress-induced protein catabolism.

Accepted Answer

During times of disease,stress,fever,or starvation or during the release of certain hormones such as thyroid hormone and cortisol,catabolism dominates the body's metabolic processes.Loss of somatic protein does not occur in response to physiologic stress.Tissue wasting associated with catabolism may lead to cellular injury.Body weight less than 80% of ideal is not characteristic of a metabolic response to stress.

Question 5

Persons with a larger muscle mass have a higher basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue is metabolically active and requires more energy to maintain than fat tissue. Therefore, individuals with a higher percentage of muscle mass will have a higher resting metabolic rate.

Question 6

Negative nitrogen balance occurs when protein losses exceed protein intake.

Accepted Answer

Negative nitrogen balance means that the body is losing more nitrogen (a component of protein) than it is taking in through the diet. This can happen in situations such as starvation, illness, or injury, where the body breaks down muscle tissue to obtain energy and nutrients.

Question 7

Which of the following laboratory tests is the best indicator of the adequacy of protein intake and utilization by the liver?&#10;A) Serum IgG&#10;B) Total protein&#10;C) Prealbumin&#10;D) Creatinine

Accepted Answer

Prealbumin is the best indicator of the adequacy of protein intake and utilization by the liver. It has a short half-life and reflects changes in protein intake and synthesis within a few days. Total protein levels do not distinguish between specific proteins and may be influenced by hydration status. Serum IgG is an indicator of immune function and may not reflect protein intake. Creatinine is a marker of renal function and muscle mass, but not protein intake.

Question 8

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for severe negative nitrogen balance?&#10;A) Postsurgical patient&#10;B) Postburn patient&#10;C) Posttrauma patient&#10;D) Postsepsis patient

Accepted Answer

Postburn patients are at the highest risk for severe negative nitrogen balance due to the extensive tissue damage and increased metabolic demands. The other options are also at risk for negative nitrogen balance but to a lesser extent compared to postburn patients.

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is anabolic?&#10;A) Glucagon&#10;B) Epinephrine&#10;C) Cortisol&#10;D) Testosterone

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is an anabolic hormone that promotes muscle and bone growth, as well as protein synthesis. Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are catabolic hormones that break down molecules for energy.

Question 10

Fats and proteins provide approximately 9 kcal of energy per gram.

Accepted Answer

Fats provide approximately 9 kcal of energy per gram, while proteins provide about 4 kcal per gram.

Question 11

Which of the following patients is most at risk for severe protein malnutrition?&#10;A) A postsurgical patient who has been NPO for 3 days&#10;B) A postburn patient who has a deep partial-thickness, 25% total body surface area burn&#10;C) A febrile patient who has had a temperature of 102.6&#176; F for 3 days&#10;D) An immobile patient who has been in skeletal traction for 1 week

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following patients is most...

Question 12

Insulin promotes glycogen storage in the liver.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Insulin promotes glycogen storage in the liver....

Question 13

Which of the following conditions is associated with an increase in basal metabolic rate?&#10;A) Aging&#10;B) Fever&#10;C) Obesity&#10;D) Starvation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following conditions is associated...

Question 14

Starvation is associated with&#10;A) loss of visceral protein.&#10;B) low serum albumin levels.&#10;C) loss of somatic fat and protein.&#10;D) generalized edema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Starvation is associated with&#10;A) loss of visceral...

Question 15

Acute physiologic stress is associated with&#10;A) preferential use of glycogen.&#10;B) catabolism of body proteins.&#10;C) decreased basal metabolic rate.&#10;D) conservation of body energy stores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acute physiologic stress is associated with&#10;A) preferential...

Deck 42: Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition