Deck 39: Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalmic-Pituitary Regulation

Question 1

A primary endocrine disorder occurs when

A) the pituitary gland oversecretes hormones.
B) the pituitary gland undersecretes hormones.
C) exogenous administration of hormone suppresses endogenous production.
D) the target gland is unresponsive to pituitary regulation.

Answer 1

the target gland is unresponsive to pituitary regulation.

Question 2

Growth hormone has several effects on the body, including

A) decreasing plasma glucose level.
B) increasing lean body mass.
C) enhancing deposition of fat.
D) depressing immune function.

Answer 2

increasing lean body mass.

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is regulated by releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus?

A) Oxytocin
B) Vasopressin
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Aldosterone

Answer 3

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 4

The release of prolactin is normally inhibited by

A) dopamine.
B) acetylcholine.
C) somatostatin.
D) somatomedin.

Question 5

Growth hormone stimulates the liver to release

A) ketones.
B) insulin.
C) bile.
D) somatomedins.

Question 6

An increase in serum osmolality would be expected to _____ secretion.

A) increase vasopressin
B) decrease vasopressin
C) decrease ADH
D) decrease aldosterone

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipid-soluble hormones?

A) Transported in a free state in the bloodstream
B) Bind to receptors on the plasma membranes of target cells
C) Diffuse through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors
D) Activate second-messenger cascades within the target cell

Question 8

Releasing and inhibiting hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through portal veins.

Question 9

Normally secretion of growth hormone is suppressed by all of the following except

A) hypoglycemia.
B) somatostatin.
C) somatomedin.
D) growth hormone.

Question 10

Secretion of most hormones is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

Question 11

Oxytocin and ADH are secreted in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones.

Question 12

Most endocrine hormones are water soluble and exert their effects on target cells by

A) binding to nuclear receptors.
B) generating second messengers.
C) binding to intracellular receptors.
D) stimulating action potentials.

Question 13

Which of the following hormones is highly bound to carrier proteins in the bloodstream?

A) Thyroid hormones
B) Insulin
C) Glucagon
D) Parathyroid hormone

Question 14

A patient receiving thyroid replacement hormone for primary hypothyroidism who has a low TSH should have a(n)

A) pituitary scan for possible tumor.
B) thyroid scan for possible tumor.
C) increase in hormone replacement dose.
D) reduction in hormone replacement dose.

Question 15

An example of a lipid-soluble hormone is

A) catecholamine.
B) thyroid hormone.
C) peptide hormone.
D) pituitary hormone.

Question 16

TSH passes directly through the cell membrane and binds to intracellular receptors.

Question 17

Up-regulation of target cell receptors results in

A) decreased target cell sensitivity to hormone.
B) reduced production of hormone.
C) increased target cell responsiveness to hormone.
D) an increased hormone half-life.

Question 18

Most pituitary hormones are carried in the bloodstream bound to protein carrier molecules.

Question 19

An example of a secondary endocrine disorder is

A) pituitary hypersecretion of TSH.
B) adrenal insufficiency following adrenalectomy.
C) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
D) pheochromocytoma.

Question 20

Which of the following hormones is not released from the anterior pituitary gland?

A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin