Question 1

The hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland during the milk ejection reflex is&#10;A) gonadotropin.&#10;B) prolactin.&#10;C) vasopressin.&#10;D) oxytocin.

Accepted Answer

The hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland during the milk ejection reflex is oxytocin. Oxytocin triggers the contraction of the cells around the milk ducts in the breast, causing milk to be released into the nipple for breastfeeding.

Question 2

During pregnancy, the maternal minute ventilation increases by about 50%.

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, the maternal minute ventilation increases by about 50% due to an increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate. This increase helps meet the increased oxygen demand of the growing fetus and also eliminates the increased carbon dioxide production.

Question 3

Ovulation occurs approximately how many days prior to the first day of menstruation?&#10;A) 7&#10;B) 10&#10;C) 14&#10;D) 21

Accepted Answer

Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle. However, the timing can vary depending on the length of a woman's menstrual cycle, with ovulation occurring approximately 14 days prior to the start of the next period.

Question 4

At the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs in response to a(n)&#10;A) increase in progesterone.&#10;B) increase in LH and FSH secretion.&#10;C) decrease in estrogen.&#10;D) decrease in gonadotropin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the midpoint of the menstrual cycle,...

Question 5

During pregnancy, the placenta secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which suppresses estrogen and progesterone production.

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, the placenta actually produces estrogen and progesterone to support the development of the fetus. hCG is produced by the placenta to signal the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone until the placenta is fully established and able to take over hormone production.

Question 6

Menopause is associated with a decrease in FSH and LH production.

Accepted Answer

Menopause is associated with a decrease in estrogen and progesterone production, which in turn causes an increase in FSH and LH production as the body tries to stimulate the ovaries to produce more hormones. Over time, however, the ovaries become less responsive to FSH and LH, leading to a decrease in their production.

Question 7

During the first 2 weeks of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium proliferates under the influence of&#10;A) estrogen.&#10;B) testosterone.&#10;C) progesterone.&#10;D) hCG.

Accepted Answer

During the first 2 weeks of the menstrual cycle (the follicular phase), the endometrium proliferates under the influence of estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicles. Testosterone and hCG do not have a direct role in endometrial proliferation, and the role of progesterone comes later in the menstrual cycle during the luteal phase.

Question 8

A woman continues to produce eggs in the ovaries until menopause.

Accepted Answer

Women are born with a finite number of eggs, and they do not produce new ones. The number of eggs decreases over time until menopause, when the ovaries stop releasing eggs.

Question 9

Proliferation of the endometrium occurs in response to estrogen.

Accepted Answer

The endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, undergoes a phase of proliferation in response to increasing levels of estrogen during the menstrual cycle. This is followed by a phase of secretion in response to progesterone. If fertilization and implantation do not occur, the endometrial lining is shed during menstruation.

Question 10

The corpus luteum&#10;A) is the site of implantation of a fertilized egg.&#10;B) secretes hCG.&#10;C) develops at the site of a ruptured ovarian follicle.&#10;D) is part of the placenta.

Accepted Answer

The corpus luteum develops at the site of a ruptured ovarian follicle, after ovulation. It is responsible for producing progesterone, which prepares the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone until the placenta takes over hormone production. The corpus luteum does not implant a fertilized egg nor is it part of the placenta. It also does not secrete hCG, although it is necessary for the development of the corpus luteum.

Deck 32: Female Genital and Reproductive Function