Question 1

Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of&#10;A) .$\beta$-receptor agonists.&#10;B) .$\alpha$-receptor agonists.&#10;C) anticholinergic agents.&#10;D) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergic agents are the most effective in improving detrusor muscle overactivity, as they reduce the contraction of the muscarinic receptors on the detrusor muscle, thereby relaxing it and reducing overactivity. F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-receptor agonists (A) and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-receptor agonists (B) have no effect on detrusor muscle overactivity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (D) are not indicated in the treatment of this condition.

Question 2

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause&#10;A) bladder contraction.&#10;B) bladder relaxation.&#10;C) sphincter contraction.&#10;D) sphincter relaxation.

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic activation causes the detrusor muscle of the bladder to contract, facilitating urination.

Question 3

The musculature of the bladder is composed of striated muscle called detrusor muscle.

Accepted Answer

The musculature of the bladder is actually composed of smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle.

Question 4

Urge incontinence is associated with overactivity of the detrusor muscle of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

Urge incontinence, also known as overactive bladder, is caused by the overactivity of the detrusor muscle of the bladder, leading to sudden and strong urges to urinate that are difficult to control.

Question 5

Activation of sympathetic neurons in the bladder sphincter causes it to relax.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Activation of sympathetic neurons in the bladder...

Question 6

In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include&#10;A) hematuria.&#10;B) postrenal renal failure.&#10;C) urinary urgency.&#10;D) proteinuria.

Accepted Answer

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a common sign of ureteral stones. Postrenal renal failure and proteinuria are less common with ureteral stones, and urinary urgency may or may not be present.

Question 7

The primary cause of enuresis is psychological disturbances.

Accepted Answer

Enuresis, or bedwetting, is often caused by a combination of factors including genetics, delayed bladder maturation, and hormonal factors, rather than primarily psychological disturbances.

Question 8

The usual presenting manifestation of bladder cancer is hematuria.

Accepted Answer

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer. Other possible symptoms may include pain during urination, frequent urination, and urgency to urinate. However, hematuria is the most common and should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Question 9

Infectious cystitis is usually a consequence of bacterial invasion from the urethra.

Accepted Answer

Infectious cystitis is primarily caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli, that migrate from the urethra to the bladder.

Question 10

The primary cause of stress incontinence is&#10;A) aging.&#10;B) pelvic muscle weakness.&#10;C) neurologic conditions.&#10;D) detrusor muscle overactivity.

Accepted Answer

Pelvic muscle weakness, particularly the weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, is the primary cause of stress incontinence. These muscles support the bladder and urethra, and when they become weak or damaged, urinary leakage can occur during activities that put pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting heavy objects. Aging and neurologic conditions can also contribute to pelvic muscle weakness, but they are not the primary cause of stress incontinence. Detrusor muscle overactivity is a cause of urge incontinence, which is different from stress incontinence.

Question 11

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called&#10;A) mixed incontinence.&#10;B) enuresis.&#10;C) stress incontinence.&#10;D) overflow incontinence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling...

Question 12

E. coli is the responsible organism in about 50% of lower urinary tract infections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of E. coli is the responsible organism in...

Question 13

Which of the following groups is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?&#10;A) Infants and children&#10;B) Sexually active women&#10;C) Adult males&#10;D) Patients taking diuretics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following groups is at...

Question 14

Innervation of the bladder is supplied by the pelvic nerves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Innervation of the bladder is supplied by...

Question 15

The incidence of vesicoureteral reflux is increased in children with urinary tract infections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The incidence of vesicoureteral reflux is increased...

Question 16

Approximately 20% of 5-year-old children have enuresis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately 20% of 5-year-old children have enuresis....

Deck 29: Disorders of the Bladder