A Vertical Marketing System That Involves a Contractual Relationship Between

A vertical marketing system that involves a contractual relationship between a wholesaler and small independent retailers to standardize and coordinate buying practices,merchandising programs,and inventory management efforts is referred to as a __________.

A) service-sponsored retail franchise system
B) retailer-sponsored cooperative
C) administered vertical marketing system
D) manufacturer-sponsored retail franchise system
E) wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chain