Question 1

________ disorders include conditions that cause persistent sad, empty, or irritable moods.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question fits the criteria for depressive disorders, which are characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or irritability. Personality disorders involve enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause distress or impairment, anxiety disorders are marked by excessive fear or worry, and dissociative identity disorder involves fragmentation of one's identity.

Question 2

________ disorder is characterized by extreme negative emotionality and an inability to regulate emotions.

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by extreme negative emotionality and difficulty regulating emotions. Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy are characterized by a disregard for others' rights and lack of empathy. Bipolar disorder involves cycles of extreme mood swings from high (mania) to low (depression).

Question 3

Which of the following statements holds true for nondepressed people?

Accepted Answer

Nondepressed people are typically able to distract themselves, look outward, and seek solutions when faced with difficult situations. They do not tend to ruminate or brood over things, they do not believe that their situation is permanent and uncontrollable, and they do not have persistent negative thoughts and perceptions.

Question 4

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may involve brain abnormalities in the:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people with OCD have abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, planning, and behavior regulation. The thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus have also been linked to OCD, but the strongest evidence points to the prefrontal cortex.

Question 5

________ is a disorder involving disturbances in emotion, loss of interest in one's usual activities, thoughts of hopelessness, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the question are characteristic of major depression, also known as clinical depression. Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive anxiety about a variety of issues, psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by antisocial behavior and lack of empathy, and borderline personality disorder involves instability in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 6

________ is a disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent and intrusive thoughts, impulses or images that are unwanted and cause distress or anxiety (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are done to neutralize the anxiety caused by these obsessions (compulsions). Person feels trapped in this cycle of obsessions and compulsions.

Question 7

In ________, episodes of both depression and mania occur.

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania. The other disorders listed do not include these symptoms as defining features.

Question 8

________ involve impairments in personality that cause great distress to an individual or impair his or her ability to get along with others, and the presence of pathological traits such as excessive hostility or callousness.

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders are characterized by impairments in personality that cause distress or impair an individual's ability to function in social, occupational, or other areas of life. These disorders involve pathological traits, such as excessive hostility or callousness. Common types of personality disorders include Borderline, Narcissistic, and Antisocial personality disorders.

Question 9

Which of the following factors contributes to depression?

Accepted Answer

Losses of important relationships can contribute to depression because they can lead to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and sadness.

Question 10

Mark would bite and hit the other children in his preschool class, and by the time he turned ten he started shoplifting and skipping school. His teenage years showed a pattern of cheating at school, stealing from a part-time job, selling drugs, and stealing cars. Mark's developmental history is an indication of:

Accepted Answer

Mark's developmental history suggests a pattern of violation of the rights of others and a disregard for social norms and rules, which are key symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. The other options do not fit with the presented information.

Question 11

________ disorder is characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behaviour such as law-breaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. It often involves criminal behavior, irresponsibility, impulsivity, and deceitfulness. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of manic and depressive episodes. Psychopathy is a term used to describe a subtype of antisocial personality disorder in which the individual displays additional traits such as lack of empathy or remorse.

Question 12

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

Accepted Answer

Compulsion is the urge to perform a repetitive behavior or mental act that aims to reduce distress caused by anxiety. Recurrent, persistent, unwished-for images and thoughts describe the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, not just compulsions.

Question 13

Cognitive theorists would be most likely to agree that the real problem for depressed people is that:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists believe that depressed individuals view themselves, their world, and their future in negative ways, leading to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Therefore, feeling hopeless is seen as the primary problem for depressed individuals according to this theory.

Question 14

A(n) ________ is a persistent, unwanted thought.

Accepted Answer

An obsession is a persistent, unwanted thought that intrudes on an individual's consciousness and causes them distress or anxiety. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession. Delusions and hallucinations are both types of perceptual disturbances, but they are not limited to intrusive thoughts.

Question 15

Which of the following facts holds true for antisocial personality disorder (APD)?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with APD often have impairments in their frontal lobe functioning, which can affect their ability to control impulsive or aggressive behavior. This is reflected in their performance on neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functioning.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania?

Accepted Answer

Feelings of power, extreme euphoria, and impulsive behaviour are all common symptoms of mania. Angry rumination, however, is not typically associated with mania, but may occur in other conditions such as depression or anxiety.

Question 17

Ramona has lost her interest in gardening, which brought her joy in the past. She's lost her appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Ramona be most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

Ramona is experiencing symptoms of major depression, such as losing interest in activities she once enjoyed, loss of appetite, and feelings of hopelessness. The other disorders listed do not fit her symptoms.

Question 18

The vulnerability-stress model describes:

Accepted Answer

The vulnerability-stress model explains how certain individuals may be more vulnerable to developing a mental disorder due to certain factors such as genetics or environment, and how various stressful events or stimuli can contribute to the development of the disorder. This model is specifically focused on the interaction between vulnerability and stress, leading to a disorder. The other options do not accurately describe the vulnerability-stress model.

Question 19

Biological research concerning the development of mood disorders suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biological research concerning the development of mood...

Question 20

Depressed people tend to believe that:

Accepted Answer

Depressed people tend to feel that their misery is permanent and uncontrollable. They may feel hopeless, helpless, and powerless over their situation. This belief can make it challenging to seek help or take action to improve their mental health.

Quiz 15: Psychological Disorders