Question 1

The terms "mental illness" and "psychopathology" are MOST closely associated with which model of abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

The medical model views abnormal behavior as a result of an underlying physical or biochemical disease, and therefore includes the use of medical terminology such as "mental illness" and "psychopathology" to describe and diagnose conditions.

Question 2

According to the medical model,

Accepted Answer

According to the medical model, abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease. However, it does not necessarily state that all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors or can only be treated with drugs. Furthermore, the model does not suggest that all physical illnesses have a psychological component, although it acknowledges the possibility that psychological factors may play a role in some cases.

Question 3

A major criticism of the medical model by Thomas Szasz is that

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz believed that most abnormal behavior is not a medical problem but a reflection of a moral judgment about what is socially acceptable or unacceptable behavior. Therefore, he criticized the medical model for medicalizing what he saw as normal variations in behavior and failing to take into account the social and cultural context in which people live.

Question 4

Prognosis is to etiology as

Accepted Answer

Prognosis refers to the likely outcome of a disease or condition, whereas etiology refers to the cause of the disease or condition. Therefore, the relationship between the two is that prognosis is to outcome as etiology is to why. Choice A captures this relationship by relating outcome to why.

Question 5

Etiology refers to the

Accepted Answer

Etiology refers to the apparent cause of a condition.

Question 6

Diagnosis is to prognosis as

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis is the identification of a disease, while prognosis is the likely outcome or course of the disease. Similarly, in the given analogy, "what" refers to the disease or problem, while "outcome" refers to the course or result of that problem. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 7

Prior to the 18th century, people who exhibited abnormal behavior were thought to be

Accepted Answer

Prior to the 18th century, abnormal behavior was attributed to supernatural causes such as being possessed by evil spirits. Treatment involved exorcism, rituals aimed at driving out the supposed evil spirits.

Question 8

The rise of the medical model in the study of psychopathology brought about

Accepted Answer

The medical model emphasized the importance of scientific understanding and diagnosis of mental disorders in order to provide effective treatment. This led to improvements in the treatment of individuals with abnormal behavior.

Question 9

The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness is referred to as its

Accepted Answer

The term etiology refers specifically to the study of the causes, or origins, of a disease or disorder. It encompasses not only the immediate triggers or factors, but also underlying biological or environmental factors that contribute to the development of an illness over time. Understanding the etiology of a condition is essential for effective treatment and prevention strategies.

Question 10

A prognosis

Accepted Answer

A prognosis is a prediction or forecast about the potential course or outcome of an illness or health condition. It is based on the current state of the illness or condition, as well as the individual's medical history, age, and other factors. A prognosis can help inform treatment decisions and provide an estimate of the expected recovery time or outcome.

Question 11

Behavior that interferes with an individual's social or occupational functioning may be considered to be

Accepted Answer

The term "maladaptive" specifically refers to behavior that impairs an individual's ability to function in society or at work. Deviance refers to behavior that goes against social norms, while personal distress refers to behavior that causes emotional or psychological pain. Insanity is a legal term rather than a clinical diagnosis.

Question 12

The concept that abnormal behavior is the result of a disease goes with the

Accepted Answer

The medical model explains abnormal behavior as a result of a disease, just as physical illnesses are. This approach focuses on diagnosing and treating mental disorders using a medical framework, such as medication or therapy.

Question 13

Dr. Underhill is reviewing the records from a patient who has just been referred for treatment. He is carefully considering the symptoms that have been documented, and is attempting to identify the type of psychological disorder the individual is most likely to have. Dr. Underhill is currently focusing on

Accepted Answer

Dr. Underhill is focusing on diagnosing the patient's psychological disorder by analyzing their symptoms, which is the process of determining the specific condition or illness a patient is experiencing. Etiology refers to the possible causes of a disorder, prognosis refers to the predicted outcome of the disorder, and histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to the future course of a condition or illness?

Accepted Answer

Prognosis refers to the future course of a condition or illness. A is incorrect as etiology refers to the study of the cause of the disease but not its future course. B is incorrect as foreclosure refers to the process of a lender taking possession of a property when a borrower fails to make mortgage payments. C is incorrect as diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition.

Question 15

Behavior that does not coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be

Accepted Answer

Deviant behavior refers to actions or attitudes that violate social norms and may be considered outside of what is culturally acceptable. Maladaptive behavior refers to actions that are not helpful or adaptive in the individual's environment. Personally distressing behavior causes emotional or psychological harm to the individual. Insane behavior refers to severe mental illness or psychosis. None of the other options describe behavior that goes against cultural norms.

Question 16

Dr. Cummings believes that psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured, just like physical illnesses. Dr. Cummings' views reflect the point of view suggested by

Accepted Answer

The medical model of abnormal behavior views psychological disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed, treated, and potentially cured, much like physical illnesses.

Question 17

Prior to the 18^th century most conceptions of abnormal behavior were based on

Accepted Answer

Prior to the 18th century, abnormal behavior was often attributed to supernatural or superstitious causes, such as witchcraft or demonic possession.

Question 18

Dr. Wedge is asking her newest client questions about his life history. She is particularly interested in any recent stressful events that the client may have experienced. Dr. Wedge is currently

Accepted Answer

By asking about recent stressful events, Dr. Wedge is trying to understand the underlying cause of her client's current illness. This is an important aspect of determining the etiology of a patient's condition.

Question 19

Mario has just entered treatment for a major depressive episode. He is told that most patients respond to treatment within a month, and many never experience a second depressive episode. This information represents

Accepted Answer

The information provided about the typical response to treatment and likelihood of experiencing future episodes is a prognosis.

Question 20

Diagnosis is to etiology as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagnosis is to etiology as
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Quiz 27: Psychological Disorders Part 1