Holly Has Recently Entered Therapy for Her Major Depressive Disorder

Holly has recently entered therapy for her major depressive disorder at an important "down" period in her life.Her therapist suggests that she and Holly will work together to identify and change Holly's irrational thinking.After 6 weeks,Holly feels less depressed.Suppose,however,that the change resulted not from the therapy but rather from the normal "ups and downs" that people experience.This suggests that clinicians need to consider the impact of __________ on therapeutic outcomes.

A) the placebo effect
B) retrospective rewriting of the past
C) self-serving biases
D) spontaneous remission