Question 1

How does global poverty and underdevelopment force IR to re- evaluate its traditional tools and concepts?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Governments around the world feel as free now to engage in stimulative macroeconomic policies as they did in the early postwar period.

Accepted Answer

Governments today face more constraints such as higher debt levels, inflation concerns, and global financial market pressures, making them less free to engage in stimulative macroeconomic policies compared to the early postwar period.

Question 3

Child slavery and prostitution have been among the consequences of globalization in extremely poor countries.

Accepted Answer

Globalization has led to an increase in demand for cheap labor and sex services in extremely poor countries, leading to child slavery and prostitution as a consequence.

Question 4

Governments' inability to regulate informal sector work activities stems almost from lack of political will.

Accepted Answer

While lack of political will can be a factor, the inability to regulate the informal sector is also due to challenges like lack of resources, difficulty in monitoring, and the sector's inherent nature of being unregistered and unregulated.

Question 5

Clothing firms have been prominent targets of international publicity campaigns.

Accepted Answer

Yes, clothing firms have been the subjects of international publicity campaigns, particularly regarding issues such as labor practices, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare.

Question 6

What are the key elements of the hybrid systems of IR in Japan,Australia and Quebec tha lead to their development and current features.Do the three systems share any common feature in the reasons for their development?

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Question 7

Decentralized free systems place greater emphasis on collective bargaining than do centralized ones.

Accepted Answer

In decentralized free systems, decision-making power is distributed among individuals or groups, leading to a greater need for collective bargaining and negotiation. Centralized systems, on the other hand, concentrate power with a central authority or leadership, reducing the need for bargaining and negotiation.

Question 8

Globalization is a minor force driving the change in national IR systems.

Accepted Answer

Globalization is a major force driving the change in national IR systems. As countries become more interconnected through trade, investment, and migration, they must adapt their labor laws, employment practices, and industrial relations to remain competitive and attract multinational companies. However, globalization is not the only driver of change in national IR systems as domestic politics, technology, and demographic shifts also play important roles.

Question 9

In general,union membership rates have held up better in decentralized than in centralized IR systems.

Accepted Answer

In general, union membership rates have tended to hold up better in centralized industrial relations (IR) systems, where broad agreements cover large sectors of the economy, compared to decentralized systems, where bargaining is more likely to occur at the level of individual companies or workplaces.

Question 10

What led to the establishment of Australia's arbitration court?

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Question 11

Unions in the former Soviet Union led the world in their independent advocacy of workers' rights.

Accepted Answer

Unions in the former Soviet Union were state-controlled and did not advocate for independent workers' rights.

Question 12

Australia's hybrid IR system was the result of severe early twentieth century labour market shortages.

Accepted Answer

The hybrid IR system was developed during a period of labour market shortages in the early twentieth century in Australia. This led to the need for a system that could balance the interests of employers and employees and ensure that there was sufficient labour available to meet the needs of the growing economy.

Question 13

Co- optation of key union leaders has been a control tactic adopted in a number of developing countries.

Accepted Answer

Co-optation of key union leaders is a common control tactic used in developing countries where governments or employers try to neutralize the power of labor unions by co-opting leaders or by creating rival unions.

Question 14

Service sector organizing operates in a very similar fashion to organizing in the manufacturing sector.

Accepted Answer

While there may be similarities in terms of tactics and strategies, organizing in the service sector can differ due to factors such as the intangible nature of services, the diverse composition of service sector employees, and the often decentralized structure of service organizations.

Question 15

Discuss the effect that globalization has had on labour markets.

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Question 16

What's been the major difference in the impact of globalization and the shift of the balance of workplace power to employers and managers as felt by developed and developing countries?

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Question 17

Japanese unions are heavily concerned with advocacy activities in behalf of their members.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Canadian developments in IR are unique in the world.

Accepted Answer

Canadian developments in International Relations (IR) share many similarities with developments in other parts of the world, including theoretical frameworks, policy approaches, and diplomatic practices. While Canada has unique aspects to its IR approach, such as its emphasis on peacekeeping and multilateralism, these are not entirely unique in the global context.

Question 19

Unions in North America have done more to form multinational alliances than those anywhere else.

Accepted Answer

Unions in Europe have been more proactive in forming multinational alliances, particularly through the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), which coordinates trade union activities across different European countries.

Question 20

The most distinctive feature of the Japanese hybrid system of IR are its systems of enterprise unions.

Accepted Answer

The Japanese hybrid system of IR is known for its unique enterprise unions which have close relationships with management and are largely responsible for negotiating collective bargaining agreements and handling workplace disputes. This system differs from the traditional Western model of trade unions operating independently and adversarily to management.

Quiz 13: Industrial Relations Around the World