Elaine Has Been Falsely Accused of Embezzling $250,000 from Her

Elaine has been falsely accused of embezzling $250,000 from her company. Her boss wants her to take a lie detector test, but she has read the research literature and is afraid to do so. If Elaine is innocent, why would she hesitate to take the test?

A) Lie detectors inflict rather painful shocks that may have adverse consequences on people with heart conditions.
B) Lie detector tests necessarily require people to tell intimate details about private issues unrelated to the question at hand.
C) It is easy for a skilled operator of a lie detector test to implant a false memory of actually having committed the embezzlement.
D) There is a 14 percent probability that the test will falsely conclude that she is lying.