Short-term adjustments in blood pressure are mediated by

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Short-term adjustments in blood pressure are primarily mediated by two mechanisms: the baroreceptor reflexes and changes in cardiac output. The baroreceptors are specialized nerve endings located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch that detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure increases, the baroreceptors signal the cardiovascular center in the brainstem to decrease heart rate and cardiac output, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. When blood pressure decreases, the opposite response occurs, leading to an increase in blood pressure. In addition, changes in cardiac output can also affect blood pressure in the short-term. An increase in cardiac output, such as during exercise or stress, can lead to an increase in blood pressure, while a decrease in cardiac output, such as during rest or sleep, can lead to a decrease in blood pressure. Renal activity also plays a role in long-term blood pressure regulation through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but it is not a primary mechanism for short-term adjustments in blood pressure.

Short-Term Adjustments in Blood Pressure Are Mediated by