A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related test items that seem to tap a common ability is called

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Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to identify underlying factors or dimensions that are related to a set of observed variables. In the context of psychological testing, factor analysis can be used to identify clusters of related test items that appear to measure a common ability or trait. The other options (standardization, reliability assessment, and aptitude scales) are important concepts in psychological testing but do not directly relate to identifying clusters of related test items.

A Statistical Procedure That Identifies Clusters of Related Test Items