In Alice in Wonderland, the Cheshire Cat tells Alice that "most everyone's mad here." And Alice protests, "But how do you know I'm mad?!" "Because," says the Cat, "if you weren't, you wouldn't have come here." What does this example illustrate?

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This example illustrates confirmation bias, where the Cheshire Cat uses Alice's presence in Wonderland as evidence to support the pre-existing belief that she must be mad, ignoring any potential evidence to the contrary.

In Alice in Wonderland, the Cheshire Cat Tells Alice That