Which Situation Would Require a Written Authorization from a Patient

Which situation would require a written authorization from a patient to disclose the PHI?

A) Tammy wants to get a copy of her own records.
B) Tom didn't pay his bill and the healthcare facility wants to turn his bill over to a collection agency.
C) Beth's employer requires a copy of the pre-employment health physical.
D) Susan has a sexually transmitted infection and her information must be reported to the local health department.
E) All of the above require written authorization before releasing the PHI.