Which of the following is NOT a self-handicapping strategy?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping strategies are intentional behavior modifications meant to protect one's self-esteem. Cramming for a test and putting off a project until the last minute are examples of self-handicapping strategies, as they allow individuals to excuse poor performance by claiming they didn't have enough time to prepare. Surface learning, on the other hand, is not a self-handicapping strategy. It simply refers to a shallow approach to learning, where individuals focus on memorization rather than deep understanding of a topic. Setting challenging but realistic goals is actually an adaptive strategy that can promote motivation and achievement.

Which of the Following Is NOT a Self-Handicapping Strategy