Question 1

What are the sources of earnings gaps?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

The key to a comparable-worth system is a single job evaluation plan for jobs with dissimilar content.

Accepted Answer

A key feature of a comparable-worth system is the use of a single job evaluation plan to objectively determine the relative value of different jobs, regardless of the content of the work being performed. This helps ensure that workers are fairly compensated based on the demands and responsibilities of their job, rather than external factors like gender or race.

Question 3

In the Schultz v.Wheaton Glass case,the Supreme Court ruled that for jobs to receive equal pay,they do not have to be identical but substantially equal.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court did rule in Schultz v. Wheaton Glass case that for jobs to receive equal pay, they do not have to be identical but only substantially equal.

Question 4

Disparate treatment occurs when a seemingly neutral employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities.

Accepted Answer

Disparate treatment refers to intentional discrimination against individuals based on their membership in a protected class, not the unintentional consequences of a neutral policy, which is described as disparate impact.

Question 5

What are the definitions of skill,effort,responsibility,and working conditions according to the Department of Labor? What are the conditions that must be met for an employer to support a claim of unequal work?

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Question 6

Compare and contrast disparate treatment and disparate impact.

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Question 7

The two types of discrimination recognized by law are valuation discrimination and access discrimination.

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Question 8

Women's median annual earnings compared to men's has changed from about 60 percent to 78 percent from 1980 to 2013.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Pew Research Center, women's median annual earnings have increased from about 60 percent to 78 percent of men's earnings from 1980 to 2013.

Question 9

The gender wage gap is moderate for recent college graduates and decreases as the cohort ages.

Accepted Answer

The gender wage gap is actually highest among recent college graduates and tends to increase as the cohort ages, according to studies by the Economic Policy Institute and the National Women's Law Center.

Question 10

A higher proportion of women are employed by small firms compared to large firms.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2019, women made up 47.0% of the workforce in small businesses (those with fewer than 500 employees) compared to 44.2% in large businesses (those with 500 or more employees). Therefore, a higher proportion of women are employed by small firms compared to large firms.

Question 11

Pay differences for equal work may be justified for demonstrably business-related reasons.

Accepted Answer

The principle of equal pay refers to the concept that individuals should be paid the same wage or salary for performing substantially the same work regardless of their demographic characteristics. However, pay differences may be justified if there are demonstrably business-related reasons, such as differences in education, experience, or seniority.

Question 12

Of the four affirmative defenses for unequal pay for equal work,"a factor other than sex" has prompted the most court cases.

Accepted Answer

The affirmative defense of "a factor other than sex" has been used in the majority of court cases related to unequal pay for equal work. This defense allows employers to argue that pay disparities are based on factors such as education, experience, or merit, rather than sex discrimination.

Question 13

The gender pay gap is common across countries and is smaller in some countries than the U.S.

Accepted Answer

The gender pay gap is a global issue, but the size of the gap varies by country. Some countries have made more progress in closing the gap than the U.S.

Question 14

Distinguish between access discrimination and valuation discrimination.

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Question 15

What are the four basic steps in establishing a comparable-worth plan?

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Quiz 17: Government and Legal Issues in Compensation