The Atmosphere of Venus Is Observed to Contain Almost No

The atmosphere of Venus is observed to contain almost no water.This is apparent because

A) the water is locked up as ice (permafrost) beneath the surface of the planet.
B) Venus is so hot that whatever water there was simply evaporated into space because it was lighter than the major constituent,carbon dioxide.
C) solar UV light dissociated the water into hydrogen and oxygen;the hydrogen then escaped into space and the oxygen combined with other substances.
D) Venus has never had a significant amount of water,having formed closer to the Sun than did Earth,where water in the solar nebula could not condense.