Question 1

The World Health Organization describes Primary Health Care as the route to better health for all, with eight essential elements to achieve that goal. Which of the following is part of the eight essential elements?

Accepted Answer

Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases is one of the eight essential elements of Primary Health Care as described by the World Health Organization.

Question 2

What does the Population Health Promotion Model most closely reflect?

Accepted Answer

The Population Health Promotion Model emphasizes the importance of social and environmental factors in shaping health outcomes, which aligns with a socio-environmental perspective.

Question 3

A nurse participating in an active, involved process where the people, groups, and communities in the area are moving toward increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life, and social justice. What is the nurse working toward?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is working toward community empowerment, as they are participating in an active and involved process aimed at increasing individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life, and social justice.

Question 4

There are variations in the literature about the terms used to describe the social determinants of health. Which term below best describes income and social status?

Accepted Answer

Income and social status are best described by the term "poverty". While housing, education, and gender are all important social determinants of health, they do not specifically address the impact of income and social status on health outcomes.

Question 5

What is used to measure the health of populations as well as the progress made toward creating healthier citizens?

Accepted Answer

Population health indicators are used to measure the health of populations and the progress made toward creating healthier citizens. These indicators can include measures such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and disease prevalence. Prevention interventions, social marketing campaigns, and health promotion all play important roles in improving population health, but they are not used to directly measure the health of populations or track progress over time.

Question 6

Social marketing is based on the "4 Ps" of commercial marketing. Which of the following are part of the "4 Ps"? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The "4 Ps" of commercial marketing are product, price, place (distribution), and promotion. All four elements are applied in social marketing, as the goal is to create a behavior change in a target audience, just like a commercial marketer aims to sell a product or service. Therefore, all the options given, A, B, C, and D, are part of the "4 Ps" and are applicable to social marketing.

Question 7

Which primary health care (PHC) project best addresses inequities within society?

Accepted Answer

An intersectoral plan that focuses on lobbying for improvements from a minimum wage to a living wage addresses the root cause of social inequities by advocating for fair wages for all individuals, thereby reducing poverty and improving social determinants of health. This approach is more comprehensive than the other options, which focus on specific health concerns but do not address the underlying social determinants of health.

Question 8

A nurse works in a large urban hospital using telehealth to provide cardiac consultations to clients in rural settings. What principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) is evident in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Accessibility is demonstrated in this scenario as telehealth services are being used to provide cardiac consultations to clients in rural settings, overcoming geographical barriers and making healthcare services more accessible to those who might not have them readily available.

Question 9

One of the principles of Primary Health Care is appropriate technology. Appropriate technology means :

Accepted Answer

Appropriate technology in Primary Health Care refers to the use of technology and models of care that are suitable and sustainable for a society's level of economic development, ensuring accessibility and effectiveness.

Question 10

A nurse is involved in political action to reduce homelessness by increasing the availability of affordable housing. Which primary health care principles is the nurse utilizing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is involved in political action...

Question 11

"The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health" is a definition of what concept?

Accepted Answer

Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. This involves a wide range of social and environmental interventions designed to benefit and protect individual people's health and quality of life by addressing and preventing the root causes of ill health, not just focusing on treatment and cure.

Question 12

Which country is known to be a leader in health promotion?

Accepted Answer

Canada is known to be a leader in health promotion due to its proactive approach to promoting healthy behaviors and its comprehensive and integrated health promotion strategies at both national and local levels. Canada has also developed several successful health promotion campaigns, such as the "ParticipACTION" campaign, which aims to promote physical activity among Canadians.

Question 13

What publication is widely recognized as marking the transition from medical and behavioural health determinants to a new socio-environmental health promotion approach?

Accepted Answer

The Ottawa Charter, published in 1986, is widely recognized as marking the transition from medical and behavioural health determinants to a new socio-environmental health promotion approach. It emphasizes the importance of addressing broader social and environmental factors that influence health, including social and economic conditions, physical environments, and political and cultural factors.

Question 14

One difference between the Toronto Charter on the Social Determinants of Health and the determinants of health as presented in the Population Health Promotion Model is:

Accepted Answer

The Toronto Charter specifically includes Aboriginal status as a determinant of health, which is not explicitly highlighted in the Population Health Promotion Model.

Question 15

What is the definition of risk communication?

Accepted Answer

Risk communication is the transmission of information about an existing or potential health risk to the public in order to inform and educate them about the risk, help them understand its potential consequences, and encourage them to take action to reduce or eliminate the risk. It is an important tool for public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers to build trust with the public and promote behavior change.

Question 16

A conference in what Canadian city is widely recognized as having given birth to the worldwide health promotion movement?

Accepted Answer

The conference in Ottawa, Canada, in 1986 is widely recognized as having given birth to the worldwide health promotion movement, leading to the adoption of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.

Question 17

Which document received international attention, helping to stimulate the World Health Organization to convene a meeting of member countries to address the disparities in health status between developed and underdeveloped countries?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which document received international attention, helping to...

Question 18

Which global conference resulted in the Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World?

Accepted Answer

The Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World was adopted at the 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion held in Bangkok, Thailand in 2005.

Question 19

Non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and many cancers are directly linked to physical inactivity. Which of the following initiatives can be used to increase population levels of physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Public education using mass media to change social norms on physical activity has been shown to be an effective initiative to increase population levels of physical activity. It can help to create a culture and social expectation around physical activity. The other options, while important for health and well-being, are not directly linked to increasing physical activity levels.

Question 20

A nurse is working on a project aimed at addressing the effects of poverty on a community's health. Which primary health care value is being enacted in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The nurse's project is focused on addressing the effects of poverty, which is an issue of social justice. By addressing poverty, the nurse is promoting equity in access to healthcare for all members of the community.

Quiz 8: Health Promotion