According to your text,a strong culture can act as a substitute for:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A strong culture can act as a substitute for formalisation, as it provides a set of informal rules and norms that guide behavior and decision-making within an organization. While more formal rules and procedures may still be necessary for certain aspects of operations, a strong culture can provide a framework for behavior that allows for greater flexibility and adaptability. Rewards, institutionalisation, and socialisation are each important components of organizational culture, but they are not direct substitutes for formalisation in the same way that a strong culture can be.

According to Your Text,a Strong Culture Can Act as a Substitute