Question 1

Differentiate among the five major types of social movements based on their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.

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Question 2

Some natural disasters are exacerbated by human decisions.A human-made disaster results in part from decisions relating to planning and budgetary priorities,and the importance of emergency preparedness.______________refers to a framework of systems,such as transportation and utilities,that makes it possible to have specific land uses and a built environment that support people's daily activities.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided is clearly describing infrastructure, which refers to the physical systems that support human activities, such as roads, bridges, water and sewer systems, and power grids. Choice A (institutions) and choice B (government) do not accurately reflect the definition provided. Choice C (superstructure) may seem like a candidate, as it refers to the layer of a building or other structure above the foundation, but this does not fit the context of the broader systems referenced in the prompt.

Question 3

Describe the key assumptions of the resource mobilization theory.

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Question 4

People contribute to changes in the Earth's physical condition.Through soil erosion and other degradation of grazing land,often at the hands of people,an estimated______________tons of topsoil is lost annually.

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According to the United Nations, an estimated 25 billion tons of topsoil is lost annually through soil erosion and other forms of degradation of grazing land.

Question 5

Define and describe collective behavior and institutional behavior.

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Question 6

Describe the conditions for collective behavior.

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Question 7

Discuss the relative deprivation theory.

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Question 8

Identify and describe casual,conventional,expressive,acting,and protest crowds.

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Question 9

Identify the stages in social movements and explain why social movements may be an important source of social change.

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Question 10

Summarize the key elements of these four explanations of collective behavior: contagion theory,social unrest and circular reaction,convergence theory,and emergent norm theory.

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Question 11

Outline the new social movement theory and the diverse array of social movements on which it focuses.

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Question 12

______________ is the belief that a disproportionate number of hazardous facilities (including industries such as waste disposal/treatment and chemical plants)are placed in low-income areas populated primarily by people of color.

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Environmental racism is the belief that a disproportionate number of hazardous facilities are placed in low-income areas populated primarily by people of color. It is the result of institutional and systemic racism that perpetuates environmental injustices. Environmental justice, on the other hand, refers to the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Environmental displacement refers to the forced relocation of individuals or communities due to environmental factors such as natural disasters or climate change. Environmental inequality refers to the unequal distribution of environmental risks and benefits among different groups of people.

Question 13

State the key assumptions of the social construction theory: frame analysis.

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Question 14

Define and summarize the conditions of the value-added theory.

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Question 15

Describe social movements and note when and where they are most likely to develop.

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Question 16

Discuss the dynamics of collective behavior.

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Question 17

Define mass behavior and outline the most frequent types of this behavior.

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Question 18

Distinguish between crowds and masses,and the influence of dominant emotions.

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Question 19

As______________suggested,when a change in the material culture occurs in society,a period of cultural lag follows in which the nonmaterial (ideological)culture has not caught up with material development.

Accepted Answer

This concept of cultural lag was introduced by William Ogburn in his work "Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature" published in 1922.

Question 20

A number of factors contribute to______________,including social movements,population trends,technological development,and social institutions.

Accepted Answer

The phrase specifically mentions social movements, population trends, technological development, and social institutions as factors that contribute to "social change." Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Quiz 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change