A variable (or field or attribute)is a characteristic of members of a population,whereas an observation (or case or record)is a list of all variable values for a single member of a population.

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A variable represents a specific characteristic or attribute that can vary among members of a population, such as age or height, while an observation refers to the collection of all variable values for a single member, effectively capturing the full data profile for that individual.

A Variable (Or Field or Attribute)is a Characteristic of Members