Question 1

Bruce works in construction with several other men while his wife Charlene works as a nurse, mainly with other women. Their situation reflects a pattern common across Canada. Which of the following refers to this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Occupational sex segregation refers to the concentration of men and women in different occupations, professions, or sectors, often based on societal or cultural norms. Bruce working in construction (a field predominantly male) and Charlene working as a nurse (a field predominantly female) exemplify this pattern.

Question 2

In a class discussion, Inger states that equality before the law, employment equity, and similar policies benefit mostly middle-class women. Which stream of feminism does Inger likely support?

Accepted Answer

Socialist feminism focuses on both the public and private spheres of a woman's life, arguing that liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural sources of women's oppression. Inger's statement reflects a critique often associated with socialist feminism, which emphasizes how class and economic structures impact women's lives and suggests that policies like employment equity may not equally benefit all women, particularly those from lower socio-economic backgrounds.

Question 3

Which of the following impedes women from earnings equal to those of men in the labour force?

Accepted Answer

Women often face challenges in achieving equal pay due to responsibilities related to children and housework, which can limit their availability and continuity in the workforce.

Question 4

Why do female child-care workers earn less money than male general office machine technicians?

Accepted Answer

The disparity in earnings between female child-care workers and male general office machine technicians is largely attributed to societal values and norms that often undervalue jobs traditionally held by women, such as child-care, compared to those dominated by men, even when skill and training levels are comparable.

Question 5

Most young Canadians have been brought up in a culture influenced by which of the following streams of feminism?

Accepted Answer

Liberal feminism, which focuses on achieving gender equality through political and legal reform within the current system, has been a significant influence in Canadian culture, shaping the upbringing of many young Canadians.

Question 6

Even though Eva does a completely different job than her brother Ivan at the processing plant, their wages are the same because they are based on the similar levels of skill, training, and responsibility in each of their jobs. Which of the following refers to this situation?

Accepted Answer

This situation is described by "equal pay for work of equal value," which means that wages are determined by the skill, training, and responsibility required by the job, rather than the job title or the individual's characteristics.

Question 7

What percentage of Canadian preschoolers can be accommodated by the available regulated daycare spaces?

Accepted Answer

Only about 25% of Canadian preschoolers can be accommodated by the available regulated daycare spaces, indicating a significant gap in childcare availability.

Question 8

In a class discussion, Mariam advocates censorship of all pornography. Which stream of feminism does Mariam likely support?

Accepted Answer

Radical feminism often advocates for the censorship of pornography, viewing it as a tool of women's oppression and exploitation by patriarchal systems.

Question 9

The 1960s feminists believed that a woman who chose to be a homemaker betrayed the interests of all women. Which of the following strands in the women's movements is most likely to be critical of this belief?

Accepted Answer

Postfeminism is critical of earlier feminist movements, including the idea that women must conform to a single notion of empowerment or liberation. It emphasizes individual choice and the idea that women can choose to be homemakers without betraying feminist ideals.

Question 10

Which of the following does the textbook propose in order to eliminate gender gap in earnings?

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that providing high quality, affordable child care can help eliminate the gender gap in earnings by enabling more women to participate in the workforce and pursue career advancement opportunities.

Question 11

Which Canadian province has proven that availability of daycare increases labour force participation of women?

Accepted Answer

Québec has demonstrated that the availability of affordable daycare significantly increases the labour force participation of women. This is largely due to the province's subsidized daycare program, which has made it easier for mothers to return to work or continue their careers.

Question 12

In Russia, medicine is a female-dominated occupation. If the Russian situation were to spread to Canada, which of the following should you expect to happen to medical professionals' pay?

Accepted Answer

Historically and sociologically, when a profession becomes female-dominated, its overall pay and prestige tend to decrease compared to male-dominated fields. This is due to systemic undervaluation of women's work.

Question 13

In which of the following types of occupations are earnings of Canadian women closest to those of men?

Accepted Answer

In Canada, the earnings gap between men and women is narrower in the fields of art, culture, recreation, and sport compared to other sectors. This is because these fields often have more flexible work arrangements and are sometimes less influenced by traditional gender roles, leading to a more equitable earnings situation.

Question 14

What legal principle guides pay of both men and women in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The legal principle that guides the pay of both men and women in Canada is "equal pay for work of equal value." This principle is designed to ensure that men and women receive equal pay for different jobs that may be of comparable value in terms of effort, responsibility, and skills.

Question 15

Which of the following is a barrier to women's full-time, full-year employment?

Accepted Answer

The lack of affordable child care is a practical barrier that directly affects women's ability to engage in full-time, full-year employment, as it impacts their ability to balance work and family responsibilities.

Question 16

Which of the following goals defines radical feminism?

Accepted Answer

Radical feminism emphasizes the right to control one's sexuality, focusing on issues such as reproductive rights, freedom from sexual violence, and autonomy over one's body.

Question 17

According to the textbook, which of the following explains why women have earned less than men?

Accepted Answer

Skills in female-dominated jobs are often undervalued, leading to lower wages for women compared to men.

Question 18

Bettina works at a coffee shop along with several other young men and women. She knows the men make $2.00 per hour more than any of the women and that the manager allows the men to take longer breaks. The men never have to do any of the closing-shift janitorial duties. What sociological term refers to what Bettina and the other women at the coffee shop experience?

Accepted Answer

The situation described involves unequal treatment and opportunities between male and female employees, which is directly related to their gender. This constitutes gender discrimination, as the men are receiving higher pay and preferential treatment solely based on their gender.

Question 19

In 1967, the Canadian gender gap in earnings was first reported. What has happened to it since then?

Accepted Answer

The gap has decreased by approximately 12 percent.

Question 20

How does the textbook explain occupational sex segregation in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the textbook explain occupational sex...

Quiz 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification