What Is the Policy Rationale for Contractual Quantum Meruit

What is the policy rationale for contractual quantum meruit?

A) The assistance provided by implied terms is sporadic and uncertain.
B) It is not the intention of the parties that goods or services are provided for free.
C) Parties who fail to document their contracts should nonetheless be bound by their promises.
D) The parties' intention to impose a penalty should be upheld.