Bladder exstrophy is characterized by a defect in the lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder. This abnormality may be accompanied by all of the following except:

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Gastroschisis is a condition where the intestines extend outside of the body through a hole next to the belly button, not related to the defects in the bladder or abdominal wall seen in bladder exstrophy. The other options (omphalocele, inguinal hernia, and undescended testes) can be associated with bladder exstrophy due to the involvement of the lower abdominal wall and related structures.

Bladder Exstrophy Is Characterized by a Defect in the Lower