What Were the Mississippi Company and the South Sea Company

What were the Mississippi Company and the South Sea Company?

A) two successful joint-stock ventures that increased Atlantic trade dramatically
B) corporations that helped manage the national debt in France and England
C) corporations that created massive bubbles that eventually burst and caused economic strife
D) economic initiatives that dramatically increased the popularity of both the French and British kings
E) economic enterprises that demonstrated the value of venture capitalists and speculation