Kimo, a Plant Superintendent, Watches His Production Manager Waste a Lot

Kimo, a plant superintendent, watches his production manager waste a lot of managerial resources. There are supervisors watching over employees who are experts at their jobs and enjoy doing them. These supervisors do little to help the workers, other than shouting out reminders about things the workers already know. Kimo remembers the concept behind the leader substitute model and realizes it directly applies to this situation. Explain the leader substitutes model and how Kimo can use it to advise his managers.