Question 1

A symbol of the Republic, Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt _____ for the Palazzo della Signoria.

Accepted Answer

Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt "David" as a symbol of the Republic, and it was placed at the Palazzo della Signoria.

Question 2

Michelangelo's art focused on the expressive power of _____.

Accepted Answer

Michelangelo's art is renowned for its focus on the expressive power of the human figure, as seen in works like the statue of David and the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

Question 3

Conceived as a great hall with side chapels, the design of Il Gesù was based on _____ by Alberti.

Accepted Answer

Il Gesù's design was influenced by Alberti's Sant'Andrea, which also features a large central space with side chapels.

Question 4

_____ was the word used to describe the expressive character of Michelangelo's works.

Accepted Answer

"Terribilità" is the term used to describe the awe-inspiring and intense emotional expression found in Michelangelo's works.

Question 5

Leonardo united his figures in Madonna of the Rocks through _____.

Accepted Answer

Leonardo united his figures in Madonna of the Rocks through gestures.

Question 6

_____ was the chief architect of the Venetian Republic.

Accepted Answer

Andrea Palladio was the chief architect of the Venetian Republic, known for his influential architectural designs and treatises.

Question 7

First used by Alberti at Sant'Andrea, Michelangelo incorporated the _____ on the exterior of Saint Peter's.

Accepted Answer

Michelangelo incorporated the colossal order on the exterior of Saint Peter's, a feature first used by Alberti at Sant'Andrea.

Question 8

Pope Julius II made the decision to replace _____.

Accepted Answer

Pope Julius II decided to replace Old Saint Peter's Basilica with a new basilica, which led to the construction of the current St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City.

Question 9

Scholars believe that the woman beneath God's arm in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam is _____.

Accepted Answer

Scholars often interpret the woman beneath God's arm in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam as the Virgin Mary, due to her prominent position and the symbolic significance of her presence in the context of the painting.

Question 10

After departing from Florence, Leonardo entered the service of _____ in Milan.

Accepted Answer

Leonardo da Vinci entered the service of Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan, after leaving Florence.

Question 11

Departing from earlier portraits, Leonardo's presentation of Mona Lisa was not only an indication of status but also _____.

Accepted Answer

Leonardo's Mona Lisa is renowned for its realistic portrayal and focus on the individual, marking a departure from earlier portraits that often emphasized status or symbolic meanings.

Question 12

_____ by Raphael depicts a gathering of philosophers and scientists of the ancient world.

Accepted Answer

"Philosophy," also known as "The School of Athens," is a fresco by Raphael that depicts a gathering of ancient philosophers and scientists.

Question 13

Leonardo's subtle adjustment of light and blurring of contours is described as _____.

Accepted Answer

Sfumato is a technique used by Leonardo da Vinci that involves the subtle blending of colors and tones, creating a soft transition between light and shadow, and blurring of contours.

Question 14

The _____ was especially important in the Counter-Reformation efforts to reassert the standing of the Catholic Church.

Accepted Answer

The Jesuit order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, played a crucial role in the Counter-Reformation by focusing on education, missionary work, and defending Catholic doctrine.

Question 15

The art commissioned by Julius II broadly reinforced the primacy of _____.

Accepted Answer

Julius II commissioned art that emphasized the power and authority of the Catholic Church, reflecting its central role during his papacy.

Question 16

The Catholic efforts to counteract the effects of Protestantism is called the _____.

Accepted Answer

The Counter-Reformation was a Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation. It was a period of religious and political upheaval in Europe that lasted from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The Counter-Reformation was led by the Catholic Church, which sought to suppress Protestantism and restore Catholic dominance in Europe.

Question 17

Scholars refer to the artistic period from 1495 to Raphael's death in 1520 as _____.

Accepted Answer

The period from 1495 to 1520 is known as the High Renaissance, characterized by the peak of artistic achievements in Italy with artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Question 18

Julius II gave Raphael the prestigious commission to decorate _____.

Accepted Answer

Julius II commissioned Raphael to decorate the papal apartments, known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Vatican.

Question 19

_____ developed the High Renaissance form of the central-plan church.

Accepted Answer

Donato Bramante is credited with developing the High Renaissance form of the central-plan church, most notably with his design for St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Question 20

The poor condition of Leonardo's Last Supper can be attributed to his experimentation with medium and _____.

Accepted Answer

Leonardo's Last Supper suffered due to his use of a secco application, which is less durable than the traditional buon fresco technique. This method led to the painting's rapid deterioration.

Quiz 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe