As trade and commercial interaction increased between Europe,Africa,and South and East Asia,who displaced the Portuguese as the main European player in Indian Ocean commerce?

Question

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The Dutch displaced the Portuguese as the main European player in Indian Ocean commerce, particularly in the spice trade, during the 17th century. They established a presence in the East Indies and controlled ports on the coasts of present-day Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and South Africa.

As Trade and Commercial Interaction Increased Between Europe,Africa,and South and East