Question 1

For a long time, sociologists and psychologists considered __________ the central agents of socialization.

Accepted Answer

Family, school, and religion have traditionally been considered the central agents of socialization by sociologists and psychologists. These institutions play a crucial role in the development of social skills, values, and norms in individuals from an early age.

Question 2

In the final formal operational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development,

Accepted Answer

In the final formal operational stage, which typically begins around age 12, children develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. This means they can perform hypothetical reasoning beyond the here and now, think about future possibilities, and use logical operations in the abstract rather than just the concrete. This stage marks the development of advanced reasoning skills, including the ability to think about abstract concepts, engage in systematic planning, and understand and apply abstract principles to solve problems.

Question 3

The people, groups, and institutions that socialize new members are called

Accepted Answer

Agents of socialization are the individuals, groups, and institutions that play a part in integrating new members into society, teaching them the norms, values, and behaviors necessary for social interaction.

Question 4

Lee is three years old and loves to be in the role of a teacher. Lee arranges stuffed animals facing a chalkboard, and draws pictures for the stuffed animals to "copy". Which of Mead's stages of development does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

Lee's behavior exemplifies the "Play" stage of Mead's stages of development. In this stage, children take on roles they see in the world around them and act them out in play, such as being a teacher to their stuffed animals.

Question 5

Which scenario best describes the concept of id?

Accepted Answer

The concept of id, according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, relates to the part of the personality that is driven by immediate gratification of basic needs and desires. In scenario C, the action of grabbing and eating a candy bar because of hunger without considering the consequences or societal norms directly reflects the workings of the id.

Question 6

In Sigmund Freud's theory of sexual development, the self consists of three elements, in order,

Accepted Answer

In Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the self is structured into three parts: the id, ego, and superego, in that specific order. The id represents basic instincts, the ego develops to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external world, and the superego incorporates the values and morals of society.

Question 7

Family, religion, schools, peers, and the workplace are all examples of

Accepted Answer

Agents of socialization are the individuals, groups, and institutions that contribute to the socialization process, helping individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors appropriate for their society. Family, religion, schools, peers, and the workplace are key examples of these agents, as they play a significant role in shaping an individual's social experiences and identity.

Question 8

When people move into a new status with different values, behaviors, and attitudes, they experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of When people move into a new status...

Question 9

Stages in the life course

Accepted Answer

Stages in the life course vary widely from culture to culture, reflecting different societal norms, values, and expectations about age-related roles and transitions.

Question 10

SNS - Social Networking Sites - have become important in the socialization influence of peer groups on adolescents. The use of SNS

Accepted Answer

The use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) varies by race, class, and ethnicity, reflecting broader societal patterns of digital access and cultural preferences.

Question 11

Mass media connects people all around the world, while allowing us to interact in groups that fit our particular demographic niches. The simultaneous phenomena of bringing us together and fragmenting us illustrate what perspective?

Accepted Answer

The "both/and" perspective accurately describes the simultaneous phenomena of mass media connecting people globally (bringing us together) and allowing for interaction in specific demographic niches (fragmenting us). This perspective acknowledges that mass media can have both unifying and dividing effects on society, rather than viewing these outcomes as mutually exclusive (which would be an "either/or" perspective).

Question 12

In addition to the three agents of socialization considered central by psychologists and sociologists, children today identify which of these as also being vital in the socialization process?

Accepted Answer

Media and peers are increasingly recognized as vital agents of socialization, alongside the traditional agents such as family, school, and religion. This is due to their significant role in influencing behaviors, norms, and values among children and adolescents.

Question 13

Melvin Kohn found that _________ families focused on teaching conformity, while __________ families were more likely to value curiosity and creativity.

Accepted Answer

Melvin Kohn's research indicated that working-class families tend to emphasize conformity due to the structured nature of working-class jobs, which often require adherence to rules and procedures. In contrast, middle-class families, whose jobs typically provide more autonomy and require problem-solving skills, are more likely to value and encourage traits like curiosity and creativity in their children.

Question 14

People who begin to imitate those who occupy the statuses to which they believe they will eventually belong are participating in

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of learning and adopting the norms, values, and behaviors of a status or social role one expects to occupy in the future. This involves imitating and practicing the behaviors and attitudes of those who already occupy those roles or statuses.

Question 15

Secondary socialization, which occurs throughout life,

Accepted Answer

Secondary socialization provides individuals with new behavior patterns that are appropriate for specific situations, unlike primary socialization which occurs early in life and is responsible for teaching basic norms and behaviors.

Question 16

In traditional societies, families provide children with ________.

Accepted Answer

In traditional societies, families are the primary source of a child's initial social status, which often becomes a lasting part of their identity and self-concept. This status is influenced by the family's position in the social hierarchy, and while it can evolve, its foundational impact is significant.

Question 17

Melvin Kohn found that working-class and middle-class families focused on different characteristics for their children (obedience or creativity, for example), and attributed the differences to

Accepted Answer

Melvin Kohn's research indicated that the nature of the parents' jobs influenced the values they emphasized in their children, with working-class parents often valuing obedience due to the structured nature of their jobs, and middle-class parents valuing creativity and self-direction, reflecting the greater autonomy in their professional roles.

Question 18

Heather is a high school senior planning to attend college. She starts carrying a new bookbag similar to those she noticed young women carrying on her college tour, and wearing sweatshirts from her future college. She also starts taking more careful notes and studying more. Heather is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of adopting the behaviors or standards of a group one aspires to join, in this case, Heather adopting the habits and styles of college students in preparation for her future college life.

Question 19

Melvin Kohn's research focused on which of these agents of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Melvin Kohn's research primarily focused on the family as an agent of socialization, particularly how parents' social class influences their values and, in turn, their child-rearing practices.

Question 20

What did Freud call the inborn drive for self-gratification, i.e. pure impulse, without worrying about social rules, consequences, morality, or other people's reactions?

Accepted Answer

The Id is the part of the personality structure, according to Freud, that contains a human's basic, instinctual drives. It is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives. The Id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs.

Quiz 5: Socialization