Recent Research Has Suggested That All of the Following Are

Recent research has suggested that all of the following are essential elements for managing change in unionized environments in Canada, except:

A) Creating a jointly developed strategic vision for the organization
B) Creating an effective system for resolving day-to-day grievances
C) Creating a way to threaten power relationships
D) Creating a jointly administered education process
E) Creating a nontraditional problem-solving method of negotiating collective agreements