One expects children's vocabularies to increase over time, with, say, 200 new words per year established as the standard.The null hypothesis for a paired-samples t test that assesses 150 children at age 5 and again at age 6 would assume an average mean difference of zero words.

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The null hypothesis would assume that there is no significant difference in the mean number of new words learned between ages 5 and 6, not necessarily a mean difference of zero words.

One Expects Children's Vocabularies to Increase Over Time, With, Say